Academic Style

What type of words should generally be avoided in academic writing?

• Precise and formal words

• Words with clear, single meanings

• Vague words and contractions

• Words used in academic texts

Why are personal pronouns like "I" generally avoided in academic writing?

• They make the writing too long.

• They are associated with personal opinions and beliefs.

• They are difficult to substitute with other words.

• They are only used in reflective writing.

When is passive voice often used in academic writing?

• To make the writing more personal.

• To obscure who performed an action.

• To describe processes when the doer is unimportant or obvious.

• To make statements more absolute.

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What is the primary purpose of using hedging language in academic writing?

• To make statements more definitive.

• To avoid general or absolute statements.

• To express personal opinions more clearly.

• To shorten sentences and improve flow.

What is a potential negative consequence of over-hedging in academic writing?

• It makes the writing too formal.

• It can make the author sound unsure or unconfident.

• It makes the text difficult to read.

• It prevents the use of active voice.