How Do We Know We're Sick

What are the two important tools used to diagnose illnesses, especially infectious diseases?

• Patient's history and physical examination

• Clinical symptomatology and diagnostic testing

• Blood tests and imaging scans

• Lifestyle assessment and family history

What is the difference between a symptom and a sign in a medical context?

• Symptoms are objective measurements, while signs are subjective experiences.

• Symptoms are reported by the patient, while signs are objectively measurable characteristics.

• Symptoms are visible to the doctor, while signs are only felt by the patient.

• Symptoms indicate a chronic condition, while signs indicate an acute condition.

What is a "differential" in the context of diagnosing a patient?

• A list of all possible medical treatments for a patient.

• The difference in severity between a patient's symptoms and signs.

• A list of possible diseases that might have infected the patient.

• The patient's unique genetic makeup that influences their health.

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What is the primary difference between sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic testing?

• Sensitivity measures how often a test correctly identifies sick individuals, while specificity measures how often it correctly identifies healthy individuals.

• Sensitivity measures how quickly a test provides results, while specificity measures its cost-effectiveness.

• Sensitivity measures the test's ease of use, while specificity measures its availability in rural areas.

• Sensitivity measures the number of false positives, while specificity measures the number of false negatives.

Under what circumstances might an antigen test be preferred over a PCR test, despite being less sensitive and specific?

• When rapid, widespread testing is needed to manage an outbreak, even if it means less accuracy.

• When highly precise and accurate results are required for individual patient diagnosis in a specialized lab.

• When the disease being tested for progresses very slowly, allowing for longer result times.

• When there is abundant access to specialized laboratory equipment and trained personnel.