Eastern Hemlocks

Which of the following is true about the Eastern Hemlock?

• It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree.

• It is one of the most shade-tolerant trees in forests.

• It typically grows to be a small-sized tree.

• It is also known as Western Hemlock.

How are the Eastern Hemlock's Needles arranged on the stem?

• In bundles of 3

• As a single needle

• In bundles of 5

• Compoundly

What is a characteristic of Eastern Hemlock needles?

• They are typically about 1 inch long and pointed.

• They are arranged in bundles on the stem.

• They have two white lines of stomata on their underside.

• They usually persist for about 5 years on the tree.

Male conelets are produced on the axis of needles from one year old growth

• True

• False

How does the Eastern Hemlock produce and disperse its seeds?

• It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees.

• Its cones change from yellowish-green to purple-brown as they mature.

• The seeds are large and primarily dispersed by animals.

• It begins producing cones after 50 years and stops after 100 years.

What is a characteristic of the bark of an older Eastern Hemlock tree?

• Smooth and light gray

• Reddish-brown with wide ridges and furrows

• Thin and papery, peeling in strips

• Dark black with deep, narrow cracks

What is the primary threat to the health and survival of Eastern Hemlock trees?

• Extensive harvesting for timber

• A small sucking insect called the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

• Over-browsing by white-tailed deer

• Lack of suitable nesting sites for migratory birds