SIMULACRO # 8. QUIMICA

What is the primary focus of organic chemistry?

• Compounds of all elements in the periodic table.

• Compounds of carbon.

• Compounds found only in living organisms.

• Inorganic compounds.

What did Friedrich Wöhler's experiment demonstrate about organic compounds?

• They can only be derived from living organisms.

• They can be synthesized from inorganic compounds in a laboratory.

• They are always better when obtained from natural sources.

• They are primarily composed of elements other than carbon.

What is the primary chemical difference between naturally derived and synthetically produced Vitamin C?

• Their molecular structure.

• Their functional properties in the body.

• Their content of Carbon-14.

• Their taste and appearance.

How does organic chemistry contribute to advancements in medicine?

• By developing inorganic compounds for medical use.

• By creating materials that are resistant to bodily degradation.

• By enabling the generation of prostheses and chemotherapies.

• By increasing the water solubility of medical compounds.

What is a key characteristic of most organic compounds?

• They primarily form ionic bonds.

• They are highly soluble in water.

• They generally have lower melting and boiling points.

• They possess simpler molecular structures than inorganic compounds.

Entre 1-pentanol (C₅H₁₁OH) y pentano (C₅H₁₂), ¿cuál es más soluble en agua y por qué?

• Pentano, porque es apolar

• 1-pentanol, por puentes de hidrógeno del –OH

• Ambos igual

• Ninguno es soluble

¿Cuál es el sufijo IUPAC correspondiente a un ácido carboxílico?

• • –ol

• • –ona

• • –ico

• • –al

¿Cuál es la hibridación del átomo de carbono en un enlace triple (por ejemplo, en etino, C₂H₂) y qué geometría presenta la molécula?

• sp, lineal

• sp³, tetraédrica

• sp², trigonal plana

• sp³d, bipiramidal trigonal

El benceno (C₆H₆) es muy estable y tiende a reaccionar por sustitución en lugar de adición. ¿Cuál es la razón principal?

• Los carbonos son sp³

• La adición destruiría su aromaticidad pi deslocalizada

• Es una molécula saturada

• Su planaridad impide el ataque