CO2 LASER

What are the three different modes of vibration for a CO2 molecule?

• Symmetric stretching, asymmetric stretching, and bending.

• Linear, angular, and rotational.

• Translational, rotational, and vibrational.

• Compressive, expansive, and torsional.

What is the gaseous mixture used as the active medium in a CO2 laser, and in what ratio are they typically mixed?

• Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, and Helium in a 3:2:1 ratio.

• Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, and Argon in a 1:1:1 ratio.

• Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, and Neon in a 2:1:3 ratio.

• Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Helium in a 3:1:2 ratio.

What is the primary function of a Brewster window in a CO2 laser?

• To polarize the laser light.

• To reflect the laser light.

• To absorb excess energy.

• To cool the discharge tube.

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Which gas in the CO₂ laser mixture acts as a long-lived energy reservoir and transfers vibrational energy to CO₂?

• Helium (He)

• Nitrogen (N₂)

• Hydrogen (H₂)

• Xenon (Xe)

What happens to a nitrogen molecule when it collides with an electron?

• It gets ionized.

• It goes to its first vibration level.

• It breaks into individual atoms.

• It becomes a free electron.

Why does a CO2 molecule get elevated to the asymmetric stretching level after colliding with an excited nitrogen molecule?

• Due to ionization of the CO2 molecule.

• Because of a chemical reaction between nitrogen and CO2.

• Due to matching energy levels and resonant energy transfer.

• Through absorption of visible light.

What is a primary industrial use of CO₂ lasers?

• Data storage

• Optical fiber communication

• Cutting, welding, and engraving materials

Why are CO₂ lasers especially effective for soft tissue surgery?

• Their wavelength is poorly absorbed by water, providing deep penetration

• Their infrared wavelength is strongly absorbed by water in tissues, allowing precise cutting with minimal bleeding

• They emit visible light enabling easy targeting