Understanding Viruses and the Immune Response

What is a unique characteristic of viruses compared to other microbes?

• They need a host cell to multiply.

• They are the largest microbes.

• They can store energy.

• They can multiply outside a host.

What is the protective coat surrounding the genetic material of a virus called?

• Envelope

• Capsid

• Cell wall

• Membrane

How do coronaviruses enter human cells?

• By breaking the cell membrane

• By attaching to ACE2 receptors

• By dissolving the cell membrane

• Through the cell wall

What part of the cell does the virus use to replicate its genetic material?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response to viruses?

• They destroy the virus directly.

• They help the virus enter cells.

• They attach to the virus's spike protein.

• They increase the virus's replication.

What is the first line of defense in the immune system called?

• Acquired immunity

• Adaptive immunity

• Innate immunity

• Passive immunity

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

• B cells

• Platelets

• T cells

• Red blood cells

What happens to the efficiency of the immune response as people age?

• It becomes less efficient.

• It remains the same.

• It becomes faster.

• It becomes more efficient.

What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?

• They help viruses replicate.

• They kill cells to prevent virus replication.

• They increase virus entry into cells.

• They decrease the body's temperature.

What is the main challenge faced by the immune system in older individuals?

• Faster virus replication

• Increased antibody production

• Enhanced communication between immune cells

• Slower cytokine production