Understanding DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Genomes

What is the primary structure of DNA?

• A quadruple helix

• A triple helix

• A double-stranded spiral

• A single-stranded spiral

How many chromosomes are typically found in a human cell?

• 92

• 46

• 69

• 23

What makes up a chromosome?

• A single strand of DNA

• A sequence of proteins

• A tightly coiled section of DNA

• A pair of genes

What is the difference between the X and Y chromosomes?

• X is only found in males

• Both are the same size

• Y is larger and X is smaller

• X is larger and Y is smaller

What is the role of a gene?

• To store energy

• To transport oxygen

• To code for a specific protein

• To replicate cells

How many types of amino acids are there?

• 40

• 30

• 20

• 10

What is a genome?

• A single gene

• A sequence of proteins

• A pair of chromosomes

• The entire set of genetic material in an organism

How can genomes help in understanding diseases?

• By identifying genes linked to diseases

• By eliminating genetic mutations

• By curing diseases directly

• By preventing all diseases

What can studying genomes reveal about human history?

• The exact lifespan of ancient humans

• The migration patterns of ancestors

• The languages spoken by ancient civilizations

• The diet of early humans

What is the significance of the BRCA genes?

• They decrease the risk of cancer

• They increase the risk of breast cancer

• They are responsible for eye color

• They determine height