Understanding Brain Structure and Multiple Sclerosis

What gives the gray matter its characteristic color?

• The presence of myelin

• The cell membrane of dendrites and cell bodies

• The presence of cerebrospinal fluid

• The high density of blood vessels

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for the white matter's color?

• Myelin

• Axon

• Cell body

• Dendrites

In multiple sclerosis, what is the primary reason for the degradation of myelin?

• Lack of nutrients

• Genetic mutations

• Immune system attacks

• Environmental toxins

How does the immune system typically enter the brain?

• Through the cerebrospinal fluid

• Directly through the skull

• Via the blood vessels

• Through the lymphatic system

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

• To regulate brain temperature

• To facilitate nutrient exchange

• To prevent harmful substances from entering the brain

• To support brain structure

What role do cytokines play in multiple sclerosis?

• They repair damaged myelin

• They protect neurons from damage

• They promote the degradation of the blood-brain barrier

• They strengthen the immune response

Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies against myelin in multiple sclerosis?

• B cells

• T cells

• Neurons

• Macrophages

What is the term for the brain's natural process of repairing myelin?

• Neuroplasticity

• Synaptogenesis

• Remyelination

• Neurogenesis

Which cells are primarily responsible for remyelination in the brain?

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Astrocytes

• Neurons

Why does remyelination become less effective over time in multiple sclerosis?

• The immune system's attack becomes more persistent

• The brain stops producing oligodendrocytes

• The blood-brain barrier becomes too strong

• The neurons become resistant to repair