What is the primary focus of thermodynamics as introduced in this unit?

• The study of chemical reactions

• The study of physical changes

• The relationship between heat and other forms of energy

• The measurement of temperature

How is internal energy defined in the context of thermodynamics?

• As the energy required to start a reaction

• As the total energy of a system

• As the difference between heat and work

• As the sum of kinetic and potential energy

What happens to the internal energy of a system during an endothermic process?

• It decreases

• It remains constant

• It becomes zero

• It increases

In the context of thermodynamics, what is pressure-volume work?

• Work done by a gas against the atmosphere

• Work done by a vacuum

• Work done by a liquid

• Work done by a solid

According to the first law of thermodynamics, what is the change in internal energy equal to?

• The sum of heat and work

• The ratio of heat to work

• The difference between heat and work

• The product of heat and work

What is the enthalpy change for a reaction involving zinc and hydrochloric acid?

• -154.32 K

• -152.4 K

• -4.9 K

• -2.47 K

How is the change in enthalpy related to internal energy and pressure-volume work?

• Delta H = Delta U / P Delta V

• Delta H = Delta U * P Delta V

• Delta H = Delta U - P Delta V

• Delta H = Delta U + P Delta V

What term is now preferred over 'spontaneous' to describe certain processes in thermodynamics?

• Chemically balanced

• Thermodynamically favored

• Kinetically controlled

• Energetically stable

What does entropy measure in a thermodynamic system?

• The dispersion of energy

• The temperature change

• The total energy

• The speed of reaction

Which of the following is an example of a thermodynamically favored process?

• Heat flowing from a cold object to a hot one

• A rock rolling uphill on its own

• Iron rusting when exposed to oxygen

• Water freezing at room temperature