Understanding Buffers

What is the primary function of a buffer solution?

• To increase the pH of a solution

• To resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added

• To completely stop chemical reactions

• To neutralize all acids and bases

What components make up a buffer solution?

• A strong acid and a strong base

• A strong acid and a weak base

• Only water and salt

• A weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

How does a buffer solution respond when a strong acid is added?

• It releases hydroxide ions to neutralize the acid

• It increases the pH significantly

• It decreases the pH significantly

• It absorbs the added hydronium ions, maintaining pH

What is a key characteristic of a buffer's capacity?

• The ability to change color

• The speed at which it reacts with acids

• The temperature at which it operates

• The amount of acid or base it can neutralize before pH changes dramatically

In the example with acetic acid and sodium acetate, what is the approximate pH of the buffer system?

• 9.5

• 2.5

• 4.76

• 7.0

When calculating the pH of a buffer solution, what is typically provided?

• Exact pH values

• The temperature of the solution

• A recipe with volumes and molarities

• Only the final pH

What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in buffer calculations?

• To measure the color change in a solution

• To find the volume of a solution

• To calculate the pH of a buffer solution

• To determine the temperature of a solution

How do you find the pKa of an acid?

• By dividing the Ka by the concentration

• By adding the Ka to the pH

• By taking the negative log of the Ka

• By multiplying the Ka by 10

Which acid would be suitable for creating a buffer with a pH of 4.9?

• Boric acid

• Sulfuric acid

• Carbonic acid

• Acetic acid

What is the relationship between pH and pKa in a buffer solution?

• pH is always lower than pKa

• pH is always higher than pKa

• pH is equal to pKa when the concentrations of acid and base are equal

• pH and pKa are unrelated