Understanding Shielding Effects

What is the role of core electrons in a sodium atom?

• They emit light when excited.

• They are responsible for chemical bonding.

• They shield the outermost electron from nuclear attraction.

• They increase the atomic number.

According to Coulomb's law, what happens to the attraction force between a proton and an electron as the distance between them increases?

• The attraction force increases.

• The attraction force becomes zero.

• The attraction force decreases.

• The attraction force remains constant.

Why do outermost electrons experience less nuclear force?

• They are closer to the nucleus.

• They are further from the nucleus.

• They have more protons.

• They are in the first shell.

Why does the shielding effect remain constant across a period?

• The atomic number decreases.

• The number of shells remains constant.

• The valence electrons move closer to the nucleus.

• The number of shells increases.

What happens to the shielding effect as you move down a group in the periodic table?

• It remains constant.

• It increases.

• It fluctuates randomly.

• It decreases.