What is the primary focus of this lesson on fluid management?

• Nutritional support in ICU

• Fluid resuscitation techniques

• Electrolyte imbalance correction

• Maintenance fluid calculation

Why is fluid management particularly challenging in critically ill patients?

• They have a higher metabolic rate

• They are often unable to take fluids orally

• They require more electrolytes

• They are more prone to infections

Which of the following is NOT a reason for administering fluids to patients?

• To increase blood pressure

• Fluid resuscitation

• Replacement of losses

• Daily fluid needs

What is the main goal of maintenance fluid therapy?

• To provide adequate hydration and organ perfusion

• To reduce body temperature

• To increase blood sugar levels

• To enhance muscle growth

Which type of fluid is typically started with in maintenance fluid therapy?

• Hypertonic solutions

• Isotonic crystalloids with dextrose

• Hypotonic crystalloids

• Colloids

What is the 4-2-1 rule used for?

• Measuring blood pressure

• Assessing electrolyte balance

• Determining hourly fluid requirements

• Calculating daily caloric needs

In the 4-2-1 rule, how many milliliters per kilogram per hour are given for the first 10 kilograms of body weight?

• 1 mL

• 5 mL

• 4 mL

• 2 mL

What is the primary difference between the 4-2-1 rule and the 150-20 rule?

• The 4-2-1 rule is for children only

• The 150-20 rule is used for electrolyte balance

• The 150-20 rule provides a daily fluid requirement

• The 4-2-1 rule is more accurate

For a 75 kg patient, what is the approximate hourly fluid requirement using the 150-20 rule?

• 115 mL

• 112.5 mL

• 100 mL

• 120 mL

Why might ideal body weight be used instead of actual body weight in fluid calculations for obese patients?

• To ensure accurate electrolyte balance

• To increase metabolic rate

• To prevent fluid overload

• To reduce the risk of dehydration