Understanding Gas Particle Motion and Effusion

What does the Boltzmann distribution curve illustrate about gas molecules?

• The color of gas particles

• The chemical composition of gases

• The distribution of molecular speeds at different temperatures

• The pressure exerted by gases

How does increasing temperature affect the average speed of gas molecules?

• It decreases the average speed

• It has no effect on the average speed

• It increases the average speed

• It makes the molecules change color

What is the primary difference between temperature and heat?

• Temperature is a numerical measure of average kinetic energy, while heat is energy transferred between systems

• Temperature is a measure of energy transfer, while heat is a measure of molecular speed

• Temperature and heat are the same

• Temperature is measured in joules, while heat is measured in kelvins

Why is the Kelvin scale preferred for measuring temperature in scientific contexts?

• It is easier to convert to Fahrenheit

• It is used only in the United States

• It allows for direct comparison of kinetic energy changes

• It is the oldest temperature scale

According to Graham's Law, how does molecular mass affect the rate of gas movement?

• Higher molecular mass increases the rate of movement

• Molecular mass has no effect on movement

• Higher molecular mass decreases the rate of movement

• Molecular mass only affects solid particles

What is effusion in the context of gas behavior?

• The mixing of gases in a container

• The movement of gas particles through a tiny hole

• The reaction of gases with each other

• The cooling of gases

In the example comparing nitrogen and helium, which gas effuses faster and why?

• Nitrogen, because it is heavier

• Nitrogen, because it is more reactive

• Helium, because it is lighter

• Both effuse at the same rate

How much faster does helium effuse compared to nitrogen according to the example?

• 1.5 times faster

• 2.65 times faster

• 3.5 times faster

• 4 times faster

In the second example, what is the molecular mass of the unknown gas if helium effuses 2.245 times faster?

• 10.1 atomic mass units

• 15.5 atomic mass units

• 20.2 atomic mass units

• 25.3 atomic mass units

Which gas is likely the unknown gas with a molecular mass close to 20.2 atomic mass units?

• Krypton

• Neon

• Oxygen

• Argon