APUSH Period 1 Review

What was a key characteristic of Native American societies before European arrival?

• They were a monolithic group with similar lifestyles across the continent.

• Their societies were diverse and shaped by their specific environments.

• They primarily lived nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles.

• They all congregated in massive urban centers and built empires.

Which of the following best describes the Pueblo people?

• They were nomadic hunter-gatherers who roamed the Great Plains.

• They built extensive plank houses and participated in regional trade networks.

• They were settled farmers who used advanced irrigation systems and built urban centers.

• They lived communally in longhouses constructed from abundant timber.

Why did European kingdoms begin to seek sea-based trade routes to Asia in the 14th and 15th centuries?

• They wanted to avoid conflicts with other European powers over land routes.

• Muslims controlled many of the land-based trade routes, making direct trade difficult.

• New maritime technologies made sea travel significantly faster and cheaper.

• They were primarily interested in exploring new continents, not just trade.

Which of the following maritime technologies were utilized or adapted by the Portuguese to establish their trading-post empire?

• Steam engines and ironclad ships.

• Updated astronomical charts and the astrolabe.

• Submarines and sonar technology.

• Radar and GPS systems.

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What is the Columbian Exchange?

• The transfer of goods and ideas between European nations during the Age of Exploration.

• The exchange of people, animals, plants, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

• A trade route established by Christopher Columbus for spices and silk.

• The system of economic competition among European powers for colonial territories.

What was a major consequence of Europeans introducing smallpox to the Americas?

• It led to increased trade between Europeans and Native Americans.

• It caused a significant decline in Native American populations due to lack of immunity.

• It resulted in Native Americans developing new agricultural techniques.

• It prompted Europeans to seek new trade routes to Asia.

How did the influx of wealth from the Americas change European economic systems?

• It reinforced the existing feudal system.

• It led to a shift from feudalism to a more capitalistic system.

• It caused a decline in international trade.

• It resulted in the abandonment of private ownership.

Why did the Spanish eventually replace the Encomienda System with enslaved African labor?

• Native Americans were too skilled in farming and mining, making them difficult to control.

• Enslaved Africans were more familiar with the geography of the Americas and less likely to escape.

• Native Americans were dying in large numbers from European diseases and were difficult to keep subservient.

• The Encomienda System was deemed morally wrong by the Spanish Crown.