What was a significant consequence of the Ottoman Empire's capture of Constantinople in 1453?

• It led to the immediate collapse of all European trade routes.

• It forced European kingdoms to seek new maritime trade routes to Afro-Eurasia.

• It resulted in the complete conversion of all Europeans to Islam.

• It caused the Byzantine Empire to expand its territories significantly.

What was Prince Henry the Navigator's primary contribution to Portuguese exploration?

• He personally led the first voyage around the Cape of Good Hope.

• He discovered vast gold mines in the Americas.

• He funded and encouraged exploration, navigation studies, and new tool development.

• He established the first European colony in India.

How did Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca influence Portuguese perceptions of Africa?

• It discouraged them from exploring Africa due to its perceived poverty.

• It confirmed their belief that Africa was a source of immense wealth.

• It led them to establish diplomatic ties with the Mali Empire.

• It caused them to abandon their search for new trade routes.

What was the primary difference between the Portuguese and Spanish imperial models?

• The Portuguese focused on controlling land and people, while the Spanish focused on trade routes.

• The Portuguese established colonies in Asia, while the Spanish only colonized the Americas.

• The Portuguese built a trading empire, while the Spanish built a colonies empire.

• The Portuguese used larger ships, while the Spanish used smaller, more agile vessels.

From the perspective of indigenous people, what was a significant consequence of European colonization?

• Increased access to new markets and goods.

• The preservation of their traditional religious beliefs.

• The loss of land, life, and community assets.

• Opportunities for economic partnership with European traders.

What was a significant long-term impact of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the world?

• It led to the immediate end of all global conflicts.

• It established a new era of global transportation, exchange, and settlement.

• It resulted in the discovery of a cure for all known pandemics.

• It caused European nations to abandon all forms of conquest.

Which statement best describes the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan when the Spanish arrived?

• It was a small, undeveloped village with limited resources.

• It was a sophisticated city with a large population and thriving markets.

• It was primarily a military outpost with no civilian inhabitants.

• It was a nomadic settlement that frequently changed locations.

What technological advantage did Iberian explorers possess that aided their long-distance voyages?

• Advanced steam-powered ships.

• Sophisticated satellite navigation systems.

• Superior sailing prowess and advanced weaponry.

• Early forms of underwater submarines.

What was the primary purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494?

• To establish a unified European empire.

• To divide newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.

• To promote peaceful trade relations with Asian countries.

• To fund new expeditions to explore the Arctic.

What was the most significant factor contributing to the decline of indigenous populations in the Americas after European contact?

• Changes in agricultural practices.

• Lack of resistance to European diseases.

• Increased warfare among indigenous groups.

• Forced migration to new territories.