What was the prevailing theory about the spread of illnesses in the Middle Ages?

• Germ theory

• Miasma theory

• Humoral theory

• Divine punishment theory

Which of the following was a significant public health concern in medieval towns due to inadequate waste disposal?

• Air pollution

• Contaminated water sources

• Food shortages

• Building collapses

What did medieval people primarily rely on for treating various ailments?

• Advanced surgical techniques

• Herbal remedies and folk medicine

• Modern pharmaceuticals

• Vaccinations

What was the primary focus of early hospitals that emerged during the later Middle Ages?

• Advanced surgical procedures

• Medical research and innovation

• Providing charity and care for the sick

• Training professional doctors