Into the Atom

What did J.J. Thomson discover in 1897?

• The atomic nucleus

• Positively charged protons

• Negatively charged electrons

• The existence of radioactivity

Which of the following statements about Henry Moseley's background is true?

• He was the first in his family to pursue a career in science.

• He earned a degree in chemistry from Cambridge University.

• Both of his grandfathers were members of the Royal Society.

• He was raised by his father, who was a famous biologist.

What was Ernest Rutherford known for before Henry Moseley joined his laboratory?

• Discovering the neutron.

• Winning the Nobel Prize for his work on radioactivity.

• Developing the first atomic bomb.

• Inventing the Geiger counter.

What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's gold foil experiment?

• All alpha particles passed directly through the gold foil.

• The gold foil emitted its own alpha particles.

• Some alpha particles bounced back from the gold foil.

• The alpha particles changed into beta particles after hitting the foil.

What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of an atom based on the surprising results of his experiment?

• It is a solid, uniformly dense sphere.

• It is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively charged center.

• It consists of electrons embedded in a positively charged "pudding."

• It is composed of a central nucleus with neutrons and protons, and electrons orbiting randomly.

What was Henry Moseley primarily working on before he shifted his focus to X-rays?

• Developing new types of prisms for light diffraction.

• Radioactivity research, which he found somewhat unexciting.

• Investigating the properties of X-rays from Germany.

• Mathematical calculations for atomic structures.

What was the significant discovery made by German scientists regarding X-rays, and what kind of pattern did it produce when diffracted by a crystal?

• X-rays could be split into a rainbow of colors, similar to visible light.

• X-rays could be used to create X-ray images of bones.

• X-rays could be diffracted by a crystal, producing a symmetrical pattern of spots.

• X-rays were found to be a form of particle radiation, not waves.

What did Moseley and Darwin conclude about the arrangement of atoms within a crystal based on their X-ray diffraction experiments?

• Atoms in a crystal are randomly distributed, causing irregular X-ray scattering.

• Atoms in a crystal are neatly arranged in rows that reflect X-rays to create a pattern of spots.

• Atoms in a crystal absorb X-rays completely, preventing any pattern formation.

• Atoms in a crystal vibrate too rapidly to produce a stable X-ray diffraction pattern.

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What was the primary goal of Moseley's initial experiments with X-ray spectra?

• To determine the atomic weight of unknown elements.

• To identify if each element possessed a unique X-ray spectrum.

• To measure the speed of electrons in a vacuum tube.

• To observe the diffraction patterns of light through crystals.