Cancer Screening and Risk Factors

What is the fundamental characteristic of cancer?

• A disease caused by viral infection.

• A condition characterized by the controlled growth of abnormal cells.

• A disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

• A genetic disorder always inherited from parents.

What is considered the primary initiator of all cancers?

• Exposure to environmental toxins.

• Changes in DNA or genes.

• Poor dietary habits.

• Lack of physical activity.

What is the primary function of a tumor suppressor protein?

• To promote rapid cell division.

• To repair damaged DNA.

• To stop uncontrolled cell division.

• To initiate the formation of new blood vessels.

What is a proto-oncogene called after it undergoes a mutation that causes uncontrolled cell division?

• A tumor suppressor gene.

• A mutated gene.

• An oncogene.

• A regulatory gene.

Cancers that originate in major organs like the breast, lung, or colon are classified as which type of solid tumor?

• Sarcomas.

• Leukemias.

• Lymphomas.

• Carcinomas.

Where does leukemia typically originate in the body?

• Lymph nodes.

• Connective tissues.

• Bone marrow.

• Major organs.

Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for cancer due to its classification as a carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program?

• Regular exercise.

• Alcohol consumption.

• Balanced diet.

• Adequate sleep.

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of cancer screening, leading to unnecessary interventions?

• Early detection.

• Improved overall survival.

• Overdiagnosis.

• Early treatment.

What is a primary advantage of cancer screening compared to symptomatic diagnosis?

• It always provides a definitive diagnosis without further testing.

• It allows for earlier detection and treatment, improving survival.

• It eliminates the risk of false positive results.

• It is only performed on individuals with existing symptoms.

Which of the following are considered non-specific signs and symptoms that may prompt further investigation for cancer?

• Persistent coughing and gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue.

• A palpable mass and localized pain.

• Changes in skin moles and persistent hoarseness.