Energy & Enzymes!

Do you remember your Functional Groups?

Groups:

(a) Aldehyde

,

(b) Amino

,

(c) Keto

,

(d) Carboxyl

• 
• 
• 
• 

Match each to its proper category

Groups:

(a) Metabolism

,

(b) Anabolism

,

(c) Catabolism

• managing material & energy resources of the cell

• energy (E) released

• 
• degradative

• 
• energy (E) used

• aerobic cellular respiration

• totality of an organism’s chemical processes

• photosynthesis

• 
• building

Match each to its Energy form

Groups:

(a) Potential Energy

,

(b) Kinetic Energy

• rotational
• sound
• stored

• wave
• magnetic
• hydraulic
• thermal
• thermal
• motion

• vibrational
• chemical
• nuclear
• gravitational
• elastic
• translational
• electromagnetic

Laws of Thermodynamics

Groups:

(a) 1st Law

,

(b) 2nd Law

• the second law of thermodynamics states that natural processes tend to move towards a state of disorder
• it is impossible to convert all the energy in a system into work
• the principle of conservation of energy

• the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease
• energy transformations do not create or eliminate energy

• the efficiency of a heat engine is always less than 100%
• energy cannot be created or destroyed

• the entropy of the universe tends to increase
• work done on a system results in a change in energy

• heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body
• the total energy of an isolated system remains constant

• energy can change forms but the total amount remains the same

• the first law of thermodynamics

• in a closed system, energy is conserved

• energy transformations are not 100% efficient
• in any energy transfer, there will always be some energy that is lost as heat

Match each portion of the Gibbs Free Energy equation to its descriptions
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Groups:

(a) ΔG

,

(b) ΔH

,

(c) ΔS

,

(d) T

• portion of system’s E that can perform work (at a constant T)

• Positive value indicates a nonspontaneous reaction

• Heat content of a system

• Positive ΔS indicates an increase in disorder

• Third law of thermodynamics states that entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero

• Used to predict equilibrium position

• Negative value indicates a spontaneous reaction

• Enthalpy

• Gibbs free energy change during a reaction

• Entropy increases in spontaneous processes

• C + 273

• H(products) - H(reactants)

• Kelvin

• Measure of disorder or randomness in a system

• Measured at constant pressure

• Entropy

Answer explanation

Match the descriptions/images to their reaction type

Groups:

(a) Endergonic

,

(b) Exergonic

• energy released

• catabolic

• energy output

• 
• potential energy decreases

• cellular respiration

• building complex molecules

• photosynthesis

• energy absorbed/stored

• 
• anabolic

• breaking down complex molecules

• non-spontaneous reactions

• spontaneous reactions

• potential energy increases

• energy input required

Summarize what you now know about metabolic pathways, energy, entropy, and enzymes.
How are all of these concepts connected?