Energy & Enzymes!

Do you remember your Functional Groups?

Groups:

(a) Aldehyde

,

(b) Amino

,

(c) Keto

,

(d) Carboxyl

• 
• 
• 
• 

Match each to its proper category

Groups:

(a) Metabolism

,

(b) Anabolism

,

(c) Catabolism

• energy (E) released

• energy (E) used

• aerobic cellular respiration

• managing material & energy resources of the cell

• 
• photosynthesis

• totality of an organism’s chemical processes

• degradative

• 
• 
• building

Match each to its Energy form

Groups:

(a) Potential Energy

,

(b) Kinetic Energy

• motion

• thermal
• electromagnetic
• sound
• magnetic
• vibrational
• chemical
• rotational
• stored

• hydraulic
• translational
• gravitational
• thermal
• wave
• elastic
• nuclear

Laws of Thermodynamics

Groups:

(a) 1st Law

,

(b) 2nd Law

• energy transformations are not 100% efficient
• in any energy transfer, there will always be some energy that is lost as heat
• energy transformations do not create or eliminate energy

• the total energy of an isolated system remains constant

• the principle of conservation of energy

• energy can change forms but the total amount remains the same

• heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body
• it is impossible to convert all the energy in a system into work
• work done on a system results in a change in energy

• the entropy of the universe tends to increase
• the efficiency of a heat engine is always less than 100%
• the first law of thermodynamics

• the second law of thermodynamics states that natural processes tend to move towards a state of disorder
• in a closed system, energy is conserved

• energy cannot be created or destroyed

• the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease

Match each portion of the Gibbs Free Energy equation to its descriptions
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Groups:

(a) ΔG

,

(b) ΔH

,

(c) ΔS

,

(d) T

• Used to predict equilibrium position

• Positive ΔS indicates an increase in disorder

• Heat content of a system

• Entropy increases in spontaneous processes

• C + 273

• Gibbs free energy change during a reaction

• Negative value indicates a spontaneous reaction

• H(products) - H(reactants)

• Enthalpy

• Measure of disorder or randomness in a system

• portion of system’s E that can perform work (at a constant T)

• Measured at constant pressure

• Third law of thermodynamics states that entropy approaches zero as temperature approaches absolute zero

• Entropy

• Kelvin

• Positive value indicates a nonspontaneous reaction

Answer explanation

Match the descriptions/images to their reaction type

Groups:

(a) Endergonic

,

(b) Exergonic

• catabolic

• breaking down complex molecules

• non-spontaneous reactions

• energy output

• anabolic

• building complex molecules

• energy absorbed/stored

• energy input required

• potential energy increases

• 
• 
• energy released

• photosynthesis

• spontaneous reactions

• cellular respiration

• potential energy decreases

Summarize what you now know about metabolic pathways, energy, entropy, and enzymes.
How are all of these concepts connected?