Understanding Radicals and Reactions

What is a radical?

• A molecule with an extra pair of electrons.

• A molecule with a single unpaired electron.

• A molecule that always causes damage to cells.

• A molecule that only exists in superfoods.

What is the key difference between heterolytic and homolytic cleavage?

• Heterolytic cleavage involves breaking bonds, while homolytic cleavage involves forming bonds.

• Heterolytic cleavage results in ions, while homolytic cleavage results in radicals.

• Homolytic cleavage uses full arrowheads, while heterolytic cleavage uses half-barbed arrows.

• Heterolytic cleavage only happens with oxygen, while homolytic cleavage only happens with chlorine.

What is the correct sequence of stages in a radical reaction?

• Propagation, Initiation, Termination

• Initiation, Termination, Propagation

• Initiation, Propagation, Termination

• Termination, Propagation, Initiation

Which type of radical is generally the most stable?

• Primary radical

• Secondary radical

• Tertiary radical

• Methyl radical

What happens to heat in an exothermic reaction?

• It is absorbed from the surroundings.

• It is released to the surroundings.

• It remains constant.

• It is converted into light.

What does Hammond's Postulate state about the transition state of a reaction?

• It always resembles the products.

• It always resembles the reactants.

• It resembles the species (reactants or products) it is closest to in energy.

• It is a stable intermediate.

In an alkene, what is the name for the carbon atom located next to a double bond?

• Vinylic position

• Alkyl position

• Allylic position

• Primary position

What is produced when sodium metal dissolves in liquid ammonia during a dissolving metal reduction reaction?

• Molecular bromine

• Allylic radicals

• Solvated electrons

• Protons