TCB-W6

Tumor cells become resistant to chemotherapy once they undergo micrometastasis.

• Correct

• Incorrect

為什麼我們不能單靠禁食來阻止癌細胞生長？

Why can't we simply stop eating to stop cancer grwoth?

Which of the following correctly describes autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling?

• Autocrine signaling acts on the same cell that secretes the signal; paracrine acts on nearby cells; endocrine acts on distant cells through the bloodstream.

• Autocrine signaling acts on neighboring cells; paracrine acts on distant cells; endocrine acts on the same cell that secretes the signal.

• Autocrine and paracrine signaling both use hormones transported in the blood.

• Endocrine signaling requires direct cell-to-cell contact, while autocrine does not.

How do cancer cells often manipulate growth factor receptors to enhance proliferation?

• They decrease receptor expression to avoid overstimulation.

• They mutate receptors to become constitutively active, even without ligand binding.

• They suppress receptor signaling pathways to maintain cell quiescence.

• They remove all receptors from the cell surface to prevent feedback inhibition.

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