A Tour of the Cell

What is a primary reason for the small size of most cells?

• To allow for faster movement of the cell.

• To maximize the surface area to volume ratio for efficient material exchange.

• To minimize the amount of genetic material required.

• To prevent the cell from overheating.

Which statement accurately describes the internal structure of a cell?

• Cells are simple bags of jelly with organelles floating freely.

• Cells contain a complex lattice-like cytoskeleton that organizes organelles and facilitates transport.

• The internal environment of a cell is static, with organelles fixed in place.

• Material transport within a cell primarily relies on passive diffusion over long distances.

What is a key difference between optical microscopes and electron microscopes regarding sample preparation?

• Optical microscopes require samples to be stained, while electron microscopes do not.

• Electron microscopes can view live samples, whereas optical microscopes cannot.

• Samples viewed under electron microscopes are typically dead due to the preparation process.

• Optical microscopes use magnets to focus light, while electron microscopes use lenses.

Which of the following features is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus.

• Presence of complex organelles like mitochondria.

• Presence of DNA as genetic material.

• Presence of a flagellum for movement.

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

• Producing lipids and detoxifying substances.

• Generating ATP for cellular energy.

• Storing the cell's genetic material and regulating gene expression.

• Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes, and is characterized by ribosomes on its surface?

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Body

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Mitochondria

Which cellular organelle is often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" due to its role in generating ATP, and is believed to have originated from ancient bacteria through endosymbiotic theory?

• Lysosome

• Mitochondria

• Vacuole

• Cytoskeleton

What is the primary role of lysosomes within a cell?

• Storing water and maintaining turgor pressure.

• Detoxifying harmful substances.

• Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris using digestive enzymes.

• Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement.