Carbohydrates

What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in living organisms?

• Storing genetic information and catalyzing reactions

• Providing long-term energy storage and insulation

• Providing immediate energy and structural support

• Transporting oxygen and fighting infections

What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?

• C6H12O6

• CH2O

• C12H22O11

• CnH2nOn

Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

• They are complex carbohydrates formed by many sugar units

• They are composed of two sugar units linked together

• They are the simplest form of sugar and are readily absorbed into the bloodstream

• They are primarily used for long-term energy storage in plants

What is the chemical composition of sucrose, commonly known as table sugar?

• Two glucose molecules

• One glucose molecule and one galactose molecule

• One glucose molecule and one fructose molecule

• Many glucose units linked together

What is a primary function of oligosaccharides when attached to proteins or lipids in the cell membrane?

• To store genetic information for the cell.

• To provide structural support to the cell's cytoplasm.

• To facilitate cell recognition and attachment to the extracellular matrix.

• To act as a primary energy source for immediate cellular activities.

Which of the following best describes the primary role of starch and glycogen in living organisms?

• They serve as structural components in cell walls and exoskeletons.

• They are used for long-term energy storage.

• They act as enzymes to catalyze metabolic reactions.

• They transport oxygen throughout the circulatory system.

Why are humans unable to digest cellulose, a common polysaccharide found in plants?

• Cellulose molecules are too large to enter the human digestive tract.

• Humans lack the specific enzymes required to break down cellulose's chemical bonds.

• Cellulose is a toxic substance that the human body actively avoids breaking down.

• The human stomach acid is not strong enough to dissolve cellulose.

What is the chemical process that involves the addition of a water molecule to break down a larger carbohydrate into smaller units?

• Dehydration synthesis

• Hydrolysis

• Glycogenesis

• Photosynthesis