Chromosomal Genetics

In a particular plant species, a cross between a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produces offspring with pink flowers. This inheritance pattern is best described as:

• Codominance

• Complete dominance

• Incomplete dominance

• Epistasis

A type of cattle exhibits both red and white hairs distinctly visible in its coat, resulting in a roan phenotype, when offspring are produced from a red parent and a white parent. This is an example of:

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Epistasis

• Polygenic inheritance

Albinism, characterized by a lack of pigment, occurs when a specific gene prevents the expression of other genes responsible for producing color. This genetic interaction is known as:

• Multiple alleles

• Incomplete dominance

• Epistasis

• Codominance

When two genes are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together, deviating from Mendel's law of independent assortment, this phenomenon is called:

• Genetic recombination

• Gene linkage

• Polyploidy

• Sex-linked inheritance

What does a low recombination frequency between two genes indicate?

• The genes are located on different chromosomes.

• The genes are far apart on the same chromosome.

• The genes are closely located on the same chromosome.

• The genes are dominant.

Which of the following best describes a polygenic trait?

• A trait determined by a single gene with two alleles.

• A trait influenced by multiple genes interacting together.

• A trait that is only expressed in one sex.

• A trait that is always dominant.

What type of phenotypic distribution is typically observed for traits controlled by multiple genes?

• A bimodal distribution.

• A uniform distribution.

• A bell-shaped curve.

• A skewed distribution.

Why are X-linked recessive traits, such as color blindness, more commonly observed in males than in females?

• Males have two X chromosomes, increasing the chance of inheriting the trait.

• Females have a Y chromosome that masks the recessive allele.

• Males only have one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele on it will be expressed.

• The Y chromosome carries dominant alleles that prevent the trait in females.