Water Resources

What percentage of Earth's total water is readily available as fresh surface water (excluding ice caps, glaciers, and groundwater)?

• 3%

• 0.3%

• 0.009%

• 0.003%

What is the term for the underground geological formation that stores and transmits groundwater?

• Reservoir

• Water table

• Aquifer

• Unsaturated zone

What type of ocean circulation is driven by differences in both temperature and salinity?

• Coriolis effect

• Thermohaline circulation

• Surface currents

• Evaporation-driven currents

Which sector accounts for the largest percentage of global freshwater usage?

• Domestic use

• Industrial production

• Agricultural irrigation

• Energy generation

Which of the following is a significant negative consequence associated with the construction and operation of large dams like the Three Gorges Dam?

• Increased hydroelectric power generation.

• Enhanced flood control for downstream areas.

• Displacement of local populations and loss of natural habitats.

• Improved navigation for shipping on the river.

The depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer is primarily caused by which human activity?

• Increased urban water consumption.

• Extensive use of water for agricultural irrigation.

• Natural evaporation from the aquifer's surface.

• Reduced rainfall due to climate change.

Which irrigation method is generally considered the most efficient in terms of water delivery to plants, despite its higher initial cost?

• Furrow irrigation.

• Flood irrigation.

• Spray irrigation.

• Drip irrigation.

What economic factor is identified as a primary reason for the lack of water conservation and a potential solution to encourage it?

• High cost of water infrastructure.

• Low cost of water due to subsidies.

• Lack of public awareness about water scarcity.

• Inefficient water distribution systems.