TIX2020 - Language Shift and Maintenance

What is the primary characteristic of language shift?

• A minority language replacing a majority language.

• A dominant language eradicating a local language.

• Two languages coexisting peacefully without influence.

• The creation of a new language from two existing ones.

How many indigenous languages in the Philippines are considered endangered, according to Ethnologue (2022)?

• 31

• 11

• 35

• 175

Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a factor contributing to language shift?

• Economic, social, and political factors.

• Demographic factors.

• Attitudes and values of speakers.

• Natural disasters and climate change.

What is the definition of Language Maintenance?

• The process of creating new languages.

• The continuing use of a language despite competition from a more powerful language.

• The study of language evolution over time.

• The replacement of a minority language by a majority language.

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What is considered a factor for maintaining a language by resisting intermarriage?

• Marrying outside one's ethnic group.

• Marrying within the same minority group.

• Avoiding frequent interactions with other groups.

• Maintaining contact with the homeland.

How do digital technologies contribute to language maintenance?

• By limiting interactions to online platforms.

• By replacing traditional language learning methods.

• By circulating, preserving, and archiving minority languages.

• By promoting language shift to dominant languages.

What was a key finding regarding Tagalog language use among second-generation Filipino migrants in New Zealand?

• They actively maintained Tagalog at home.

• They primarily used English at home despite parents' desire for Tagalog use.

• Their positive attitudes led to increased Tagalog proficiency.

• They had no interest in their heritage language.

How did Talaandig and Higaonon netizens utilize social media platforms for Binukid language maintenance?

• Solely for entertainment purposes.

• To limit the language's exposure to outsiders.

• To increase the language's visibility, valorization, and social prestige.

• To translate Binukid into more dominant languages.