Термодинамика

What is the primary focus of thermodynamics?

• The study of individual atomic and subatomic particles

• The study of the general properties of macroscopic systems and energy transformations

• The study of chemical reactions and their rates

• The study of light and its interaction with matter

Which of these is considered a macroscopic parameter in thermodynamics?

• The velocity of a single electron

• The number of protons in an atom

• The temperature of a gas

• The structure of a molecule

A thermodynamic system that can exchange energy but not mass with its surroundings is known as what type of system?

• An isolated system

• A closed system

• An open system

• A perfect system

According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, in which direction does heat naturally flow between two bodies of different temperatures?

• From the colder body to the hotter body

• From the hotter body to the colder body

• Heat transfer only occurs if work is done

• Heat transfer is impossible between bodies of different temperatures