Jejak 8 Presiden dan Perjalanan Bangsa

What was the primary challenge faced by Indonesia immediately after gaining independence?

• Establishing a robust economic system

• Uniting the diverse national identity

• Defending against military aggression

• Recovering from Japanese occupation

What was a significant economic issue Indonesia faced in 1965?

• A stable currency with low inflation

• Rapid economic growth due to infrastructure projects

• Hyperinflation of the Rupiah

• Abundant foreign investment in key sectors

How did Suharto's foreign policy differ from the previous era?

• He maintained neutrality between global blocs

• He strengthened ties with the Eastern Bloc

• He aligned Indonesia with the Western Bloc

• He focused solely on regional alliances

What was a key characteristic of economic development during Suharto's New Order?

• Decentralized development across all islands

• Focus on self-sufficiency without foreign aid

• Centralized development on Java, with outer islands as raw material sources

• Prioritizing social welfare over industrial growth

What characterized the development projects and power dynamics during the New Order era?

• Transparency and fair competition.

• Military exclusion from civilian affairs.

• Control by cronies and conglomerates with mutual benefits.

• Equal distribution of wealth and opportunities.

What was a significant economic consequence that led to the Reformasi era in Indonesia?

• Stable rupiah exchange rate.

• Increased foreign investment.

• Widespread bank bankruptcies and soaring dollar debts.

• Decreased unemployment rates.

Which of the following was a key action taken by President B.J. Habibie to stabilize Indonesia's economy and political landscape?

• Maintaining strict press censorship.

• Restructuring the banking sector and allowing press freedom.

• Increasing military involvement in government.

• Prolonging Suharto's political influence.

What significant policy changes were implemented during Abdurrahman Wahid's presidency regarding social and military affairs?

• Reinstating restrictions on Chinese ethnic celebrations.

• Increasing the military's role in government and bureaucracy.

• Separating the military and police, and recognizing Confucianism as an official religion.

• Suppressing political opposition and media freedom.

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Which of the following democratic institutions were established during Megawati's presidency?

• KPU, Constitutional Court, and KPK

• Only KPU and Constitutional Court

• Only KPK and DPR

• Only KPU