1.3 - Neuroscience Concepts and Functions

What is a key difference between glial cells and neurons?

• Glial cells process information, while neurons provide support.

• Neurons provide structure, while glial cells send electrical impulses.

• Glial cells do not send messages, while neurons are the basic functional unit of the nervous system.

• Neurons transport waste, while glial cells communicate with each other.

What is the primary function of a reflex arc?

• To allow the body to consciously decide on a response to a stimulus.

• To process complex information in the brain before responding.

• To enable the body to respond to a threat quickly and without conscious thought.

• To transport nutrients to neurons in the spinal cord.

What must happen for a neuron to fire an action potential?

• The neuron must be in a refractory period.

• The stimulus must be strong enough to meet the depolarization threshold.

• The neuron must have more positive ions on the inside than the outside.

• The cell membrane must become less permeable to ions.

What is the process called when a sending neuron reabsorbs excess neurotransmitters from the synaptic gap?

• Depolarization

• Hyperpolarization

• Reuptake

• Repolarization

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What is the primary cause of symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis?

• Damage to muscle fibers

• Disruption of electrical signal transmission due to myelin sheath damage

• Overproduction of neurotransmitters

• Antibodies blocking muscle receptors

Which neurotransmitter primarily impacts an individual's hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood?

• Dopamine

• Acetylcholine

• Serotonin

• Endorphins

Which hormone helps regulate energy balance by signaling to the brain that the body has enough stored fat, thereby reducing appetite?

• Ghrelin

• Adrenaline

• Melatonin

• Leptin

What is the primary effect of an agonist drug on neurotransmitters?

• It decreases the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter.

• It blocks the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic terminal.

• It increases the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter.

• It connects to postsynaptic receptors and blocks neurotransmitter binding.