Cells Review (Part 2 ~ Structure)

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?

• Storing water and nutrients.

• Creating carbohydrates through photosynthesis.

• Synthesizing proteins.

• Providing structural support to the cell.

What is the main chemical component of a plant cell wall?

• Lignin

• Pectin

• Cellulose

• Chitin

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic and polar?

• The nonpolar tail.

• The glycerol backbone.

• The phosphate-containing head.

• The fatty acid chains.

Which type of molecules can typically pass through a cell membrane via simple diffusion?

• Glucose and amino acids.

• Ions like calcium.

• Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

• Large proteins.

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport?

• It requires ATP for movement.

• It moves molecules from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.

• It relies on the kinetic energy of diffusing molecules.

• It requires the cell to expend its own energy.

Which statement accurately describes active transport?

• It moves molecules down their concentration gradient.

• It does not require cellular energy.

• It transports molecules from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.

• It relies solely on the kinetic energy of the molecules.

What is a shared characteristic of both endocytosis and exocytosis?

• They move small molecules across the membrane.

• They do not require cellular energy.

• They involve changes in membrane shape facilitated by the cytoskeleton.

• They always move substances into the cell.

In osmosis, how does water move between solutions?

• From a solution with a higher solute concentration to one with a lower solute concentration.

• From a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a higher solute concentration.

• Against its concentration gradient.

• Only when solute molecules can also diffuse.

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