UNIT 4.4 AP MODERN WORLD HISTORY

How was the world map redrawn between 1450 and 1750?

• It remained largely unchanged, with existing land-based empires dominating.

• European ships connected continents, leading to a new global network.

• Asian empires expanded their influence across the oceans.

• The period saw a decline in maritime trade due to political instability.

What were the primary motivations driving European nations to expand overseas?

• Scientific curiosity, desire for peace, and cultural exchange.

• Gold, God, and Glory.

• Agricultural expansion, democratic ideals, and technological advancement.

• Seeking new allies, spreading education, and establishing diplomatic ties.

What were the two distinct models of imperial control employed by Europeans across the oceans?

• Diplomatic alliances and cultural assimilation.

• Economic partnerships and technological transfer.

• Full-scale conquest and trading posts.

• Religious conversion and resource sharing.

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What was the main goal of mercantilism, the economic philosophy adopted by European states to finance their empires?

• To promote free trade and open markets globally.

• To maximize national wealth by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals.

• To establish a global currency based on a single precious metal.

• To encourage self-sufficiency in colonies, reducing reliance on the home country.

What was the primary goal of mercantilism?

• To establish free trade between nations.

• To maximize national wealth through exports and precious metal accumulation.

• To promote self-sufficiency in colonies.

• To encourage industrial development in colonies.

What was a significant economic consequence of the massive influx of silver from the Americas into the global economy?

• It led to a period of unprecedented economic stability.

• It caused one of the world's first major inflationary crises.

• It resulted in a decrease in global trade.

• It primarily benefited the colonial economies.

How did the labor systems of the new maritime empires differ from older systems like serfdom?

• They were primarily voluntary and offered fair wages.

• They were limited to specific regions and had a smaller scale.

• They were characterized by a larger scale, racialized nature, and global reach.

• They focused on skilled labor rather than raw material extraction.

What defines chattel slavery as a labor system?

• Individuals were legally tied to the land they worked.

• Individuals worked for a set period to pay off a debt for passage.

• Individuals were considered property to be bought and sold, with no legal rights.

• Individuals were free to work on their own land and choose their profession.