Gel Electrophoresis

What is the primary principle by which gel electrophoresis separates molecules?

• Based on their color.

• Based on their density.

• Based on their size.

• Based on their chemical reactivity.

What characteristic of DNA molecules allows them to move through the gel during electrophoresis?

• Their double helix structure.

• Their negative charge due to phosphates.

• Their ability to bind to agarose.

• Their specific base pair sequences.

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In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments travel the furthest distance through the gel?

• The longest fragments.

• The fragments with the highest molecular weight.

• The shortest fragments.

• Fragments with a neutral charge.

What is the function of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

• To provide structural support for the gel.

• To act as a positive control for DNA amplification.

• To help estimate the size of unknown DNA fragments.

• To visualize the DNA bands without staining.