Russia's Two Revolutions

What characterized the Russian Empire under Tsar Nicholas II in 1894?

• A small, ethnically homogeneous nation with a prosperous working class.

• A vast empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific, marked by significant social inequality.

• A country with a strong representative government and equal distribution of wealth.

• A rapidly industrializing nation where all citizens enjoyed gilded luxury.

What was a key political development in Russia following the 1905 Revolution?

• The Tsar's power became absolute and unchecked.

• A fully democratic national assembly was established with full legislative power.

• The creation of a State Duma, a national assembly with limited power.

• Russia immediately withdrew from all international alliances.

What were the major internal issues that plagued Tsarist Russia during World War I?

• A series of military victories and a booming economy.

• Widespread food shortages, economic instability, and declining public trust in the Tsar.

• Successful government reforms that strengthened the monarchy.

• A strong alliance with Germany, leading to internal peace.

What was the immediate political structure established in Russia after the February Revolution of 1917?

• A unified, stable democratic republic.

• An absolute monarchy with a new Tsar.

• A Provisional Government sharing power with the Petrograd Soviet.

• A military dictatorship led by the army's Commander-in-Chief.

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What was a direct consequence of the Provisional Government's response to the July Days protests?

• Lenin was arrested and executed.

• Bolshevik leaders, including Trotsky, were arrested.

• Kerensky resigned as Prime Minister.

• The Tsar was restored to power.

Who became Russia's new Prime Minister shortly after the July Days, hailed as the man to save Russia from anarchy?

• Leon Trotsky

• Joseph Stalin

• Alexander Kerensky

• General Kornilov

How did the Kornilov Affair ultimately affect the Bolsheviks' standing?

• It led to the permanent exile of Lenin and Trotsky.

• It caused a significant loss of support for the Bolsheviks among railway workers.

• It cast the Bolsheviks as saviors of the revolution and increased their influence.

• It resulted in the immediate collapse of the Provisional Government.

What happened to Tsar Nicholas II and his family during the Russian Civil War?

• They were exiled to France.

• They were restored to the throne by White Russian forces.

• They were executed by Bolshevik soldiers.

• They successfully escaped to Britain.