Westward Expansion

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American culture attributed to the Western frontier by Frederick Jackson Turner?

• Beliefs in individualism

• Political democracy

• Economic mobility

• Strong communal ties

Contrary to popular mythology, most Western settlers were primarily members of which groups?

• Rugged individualists seeking solitary fortunes

• Families and immigrant groups

• Former slaves and Mexican landowners

• Government-sponsored military expeditions

Which of the following was a significant way the federal government supported westward expansion?

• Providing free education to all settlers

• Establishing national parks for conservation

• Passing homesteading laws and sponsoring railroads

• Promoting peaceful treaties with Native American tribes

What was a primary consequence of the Dawes Act of 1887 for Native American communities?

• It granted Native Americans full citizenship and voting rights.

• It led to the return of buffalo herds to their traditional lands.

• It resulted in the loss of millions of acres of Native American land.

• It established new, larger tribal reservations across the West.

What was the primary goal of the Bureau of Indian Affairs' boarding school policy in the late 19th century?

• To preserve Native American languages and traditions.

• To integrate Native American children into white American culture.

• To provide vocational training for Native American youth.

• To establish self-governing Native American communities.

How did the development of railroads and industrial meat processing impact the cattle industry and the role of cowboys in the American West?

• It led to the decline of cattle drives as local markets became more important.

• It created a market for beef that made large-scale cattle drives profitable.

• It allowed cowboys to establish independent ranches far from transportation hubs.

• It shifted the focus of cowboys from herding to farming.

What does the excerpt from an Arizona farm woman's daily routine reveal about the division of labor on Western farms in the late 19th century?

• Women primarily managed household finances and children's education.

• Women's roles were limited to domestic tasks and light gardening.

• Women performed a wide range of physically demanding tasks both inside and outside the home.

• Women were largely excluded from agricultural labor.

What characterized the agricultural landscape of California by 1900, as described by Henry George?

• Small, independent family farms focused on subsistence.

• A diverse array of crops grown for local consumption.

• Large commercial farms and plantations reliant on irrigation and migrant labor.

• Farms primarily owned and operated by Native American communities.