Enlightenment Political Philosophy Concepts

Before the Enlightenment, what was the common belief regarding the source of a ruler's authority?

• The consent of the governed

• The divine right of kings

• Military conquest

• Hereditary succession

What is the fundamental principle of Social Contract Theory as it emerged during the Enlightenment?

• Rulers derive their power directly from God.

• The right to rule originates from the people.

• Society is inherently chaotic and requires absolute control.

• Individuals should prioritize their own freedom above all else.

Thomas Hobbes believed that human nature, if left unchecked, would lead to what state?

• A peaceful and cooperative society

• A state of constant war and chaos

• A society governed by natural law

• An inherently just and equitable system

According to Thomas Hobbes, what do people willingly surrender in exchange for security and protection under a strong authority?

• Their property rights

• Their religious beliefs

• Their individual freedoms

• Their right to education

John Locke introduced the concept of "Tabula Rasa" to describe human nature at birth. What does "Tabula Rasa" mean?

• Inherently destructive

• Predetermined by fate

• A blank slate

• Naturally corrupt

What did John Locke consider the primary role of a limited government?

• To enforce strict religious doctrines

• To control all aspects of citizens' lives

• To promote and protect people's life, liberty, and property

• To expand its territory through conquest

John Locke argued that a government can be legitimately overthrown if it fails to do what?

• Maintain a strong military

• Protect the natural rights of its citizens

• Expand its economic influence

• Adhere to the divine right of kings

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that in an ideal society, decisions and laws should be guided by what principle?

• The will of a single monarch

• The general will of the community

• The opinions of the wealthiest citizens

• The dictates of religious leaders