The Rise of NEW MONARCHS [AP Euro—Unit 1 Topic 5 (1.5)]

What was a significant change in the distribution of power in Europe during the rise of "New Monarchs" compared to the feudal period?

• The Church gained absolute control over all secular matters.

• Kings consolidated power, taking it from the Church and nobility.

• Nobles became even more powerful, challenging royal authority.

• Merchants and bankers lost all political influence.

How did King Henry VIII consolidate power in England through religious reform?

• He allied with the Pope to suppress Protestant movements.

• He established the Church of England, making himself its head.

• He converted England to Lutheranism, aligning with German princes.

• He granted religious freedom to all citizens, weakening the Church's authority.

Besides religious reform, what other key methods did "New Monarchs" use to consolidate their power?

• They relied solely on military conquest to expand their territories.

• They established national taxes and created large bureaucracies.

• They granted more autonomy to local lords and regional assemblies.

• They abolished all forms of taxation to gain popular support.

What was a significant outcome of the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?

• It established religious freedom for all individuals across Europe.

• It allowed individual rulers in the Holy Roman Empire to choose their subjects' religion.

• It declared Catholicism as the sole official religion throughout the Holy Roman Empire.

• It led to the complete separation of church and state in Germany.