Athens and Sparta dominated the Balkan Peninsula during this period.

Reign is marked by the Greek defeat of Persians and the origins of the Hellenistic Age.

The eastern half of the Roman Empire with a capitol at Constantinople.

This was classical age Chinese dynasty not a Mediterranean empire. Involved as the eastern terminus of the Silk Roads.

Religion that formed in the Roman Empire and was adopted by the Byzantines, Russians, and most western European leaders during the Middle Ages.

Formed in India, leads to the development of the caste system in India

European attempt to take control of the Holy lands in the Middle Ages

Founded in Mecca around 600 C.E. Worshippers following the teachings of the Koran (Quran).

Founded by Sidhartha Gautama in India but spreads to China

System of granting lands to vassals in the middle ages of Europe.

As a result of the re-connection of Europeans to the trade goods and preserved knowledge of the Islamic world and new cultural and intellectual movement is initiated in Northern Italy based on the culture of the ancient Greeks and Romans. 

The influences of logic and reason fueled this movement in which individuals such as Martin Luther challenged official church doctrine and eventually started their own religious systems.

This era was the most direct by-product of the attempts of European powers to directly reach Southeast Asian spice markets.

Sparked by a new interest in the natural world and how it operates. This movement led thinkers to try and establish natural laws to clearly define how the world functions.

By applying the same thinking of scientists this movement led philosophers to develop new ideas about how a government should operate to best meet the needs of society characterized by the values of equality and liberty. 

New ideas surrounding liberty, life, and property challenged old ways of thinking based on concept of absolutism. This era is characterized by violent upheavals across the Atlantic world. 

Out of the French Revolution this man gained control of most of Europe and spread the ideals of the Enlightenment to the lands he conquered leading to the rise of Nationalism across Europe.

Conservative policies return to Europe based on the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna

Starting in England, this movement is arguably the most significant change in human civilization since the agricultural revolution.

This event represents the challenges to European regimes that attempt to reintroduce conservative policies in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon.