The OSI  model layer where a message creation—and, therefore packet creation—begins. It represents the network application or service.

The table in memory that stores IP address to MAC address entries.

Refers to the fact that all computers on the LAN share the same channel or frequency to transmit data.

Means that there are multiple channels that can be utilized by the communications system

A table in memory, of switches set aside to store the MAC address to a port translation table.

The guts of OSI model transmissions, consisting of layers 1 through 3. Regardless of what type of data transmission occurs in a computer network, this subnetwork will be employed.

The OSI Model layer that establishes, maintains, and decides how transfer is accomplished over the physical layer.

A method where one type of packet is inserted into another type of packet so that it can be sent over a network.

The process of transforming information from one format into another.

Ports used when another computer wants to connect to a service or application running on your computer. Servers primarily use these so that they can accept incoming connections and serve data.

Ports used when another computer wants to connect to a service or application running on your computer. Servers primarily use these so that they can accept incoming connections and serve data.

An entity that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, and root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS).

A protocol used by the operating systems to send error messages—indicating that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. It can also be used to relay query messages.

An organization that develops and promotes Internet standards.

A core protocol used in the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used to relay packets across an internetwork.

A type of switch that switches packets based on the MAC address.

A type of switch that operates as a router.

An attack that sends numerous packets to the switch, each of which has a different source MAC address, in an attempt to use up the memory on the switch.

A unique identifier assigned to network adapters by the manufacturer. This address is six octets in length and is written in hexadecimal.

The OSI model layer is dedicated to routing and switching information to different networks, LANs, or internetworks.

A model used to define how data communication occurs on computer networks. This model is divided into layers, each of which provides services to the layers above and below. These layers are associated with protocols and devices.

Used when your computer wants to connect to a service or application running on another computer. Client computers primarily use these ports and are assigned dynamically by the operating system.

A combination of additional computation time, memory, bandwidth, or other resources that is required to perform a task.

The OSI model layer that covers the physical and electrical medium for data transfer. It includes, but is not limited to, cables, jacks, patch panels, punch blocks, hubs, and MAUs.

A logical communications endpoint for computers.

The OSI model layer that translates the data format from sender to receiver in the various OSes that may be used.

Also known as a protocol suite, multiple protocols that work together to provide a network service or application. 

An OSI model layer that controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. It establishes, manages, and terminates the connections between the local and remote application.

A Layer 4 protocol that is a connection-oriented protocol.

The OSI model layer that ensures error-free transmission between hosts through logical addressing. Therefore, it manages the transmission of messages through layers 1 through 3

 A Layer 4 protocol that is a connectionless protocol.

A virtual network that is implemented to segment the network, reduce collisions, organize the network, boost performance, and, hopefully, increase security.