Caused by pathogens; diseases not caused by pathogens include cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and digestive diseases, and most cancers

Slowly impair the functioning of a person's body (ex: heart disease and most cancers)

Rapidly impair the functioning of a person's body (ex: Ebola hemorrhagic fever)

When a pathogen causes a rapid increase in a disease.

When an epidemic occurs over a large geographic region such as an entire continent.

One of the most familiar diseases of human history, known by several historical names such as "bubonic plague" or "Black Death"; caused by infection from a bacterium that's carried by fleas and rodents.

A widespread disease that has killed millions of people over centuries; caused by an infection from any one of he several species of protists in the genus plasmodium; the parasite spends one stage of its life inside a mosquito

A highly contagious disease caused by a bacterium that primarily infects the lungs; spread when a person coughs and expels bacteria into the air 

Infectious diseases that were previously not described or have not been common for at least the prior 20 years

In the late 1970's, rare types of pneumonia and cancer began appearing in individuals with weak immune systems.

In 1983, scientist discovered that AIDS was caused by a previously unknown virus, spread both through sexual contact and by drug users who shared needles that had not been sanitized between uses

A disease caused by the Ebola Virus first discovered by researchers in 1976; symptoms include fever, vomiting, and sometimes internal' external bleeding.

A neurological disease first described in the 1980's  in which pathogen slowly damages a cow's nervous system; the cow loses coordination of its body, comparable to a person going man, and the dies.

Small, beneficial proteins in brains of cattle occasionally mutate into deadly proteins that act as pathogens and subsequently cause mad cow disease

The scientific name for mad cow disease

An avian influenza similar to the spanish flu that is caused by the h1n1 virus

This is most commonly transmitted by mosquitoes from bird to bird but originated in humans in Uganda and causes an inflammation of the brain leading to illness and sometimes death. 

These chemicals disrupt nervous system function in animals

These studies expose animals or plants to different amounts of chemicals and then they observe a variety of possible responses including mortality or changes in behavior or reproduction. 

chemicals that interfere with the normal development of embryos or fetuses

An experiment that exposes organisms to an environmental hazard for a short duration 

___________are chemicals that cause cancer. 

 the effective dose that causes 50 percent of the individuals to display the harmful, but nonlethal,effect

how well a chemical can dissolve in a liquid

 the increase in chemical concentration in animal tissues as the chemical moves up the food chain.

an increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time.

This happens when two risks together cause more harm than one would expect based on their individual risks.

are chemicals that cause allergic reactions.

these studies monitor people who might become exposed to harmful chemicals in the future.

These studies monitor people who have been exposed to a chemical at some time in the past.

a field of science that strives to understand the causes of illness and disease in human and wildlife populations.

The ways in which an individual might come into contact with a chemical are known as 

The harmful effects that a chemical might have that could alter the behavior of an individual

experiments that last for a longer duration

This produced a list of 12 chemicals to be banned,phased out, or reduced.

An agreement on how chemicals should be regulated within the European Union put into effect In 2007. 

 anything in our environment that can potentially cause harm.

The _____________of a chemical refers to how long the chemical remains in the environment.

The____________________ is based on the philosophy that a potential hazard should not be considered a hazard until the scientific data can definitively demonstrate that a potential hazard actually causes harm. 

are chemicals that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones in an animal’s body.