WorksheetsEducational Psychology Ch 1&2
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 52mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory is useful for teachers
a)
who instruct elementary school children, but it is not practical for teachers of college students.
b)
who design lesson plans for preschool children, but it is not very useful for instruction with primary and secondary grade children.
c)
who believe that children's development is influenced more strongly by genetics than by cultural factors.
d)
because it suggests that children play an active role in their own development.
2.
The idea that personality development follows a predictable pattern with identifiable benchmarks best reflects the
a)
principle of formal operations.
b)
law of psychosocial development.
c)
heredity versus environment issue.
d)
epigenetic principle.
3.
Erikson uses the epigenetic principle to hypothesize that personality development is related to
a)
genetic factors rather than environmental factors.
b)
a series of interrelated stages of development, all of which have a critical period.
c)
the prenatal period of development because each psychosocial stage is genetically determined.
d)
factors that for the most part are independent of chronological age.
4.
According to Erikson, personality growth occurs in eight stages that are characterized by
a)
the confrontation and resolution of various crises for better or worse.
b)
dichotomies that lack any prescribed order, though these stages are nonetheless experienced by most individuals.
c)
the acceptance of desirable qualities and the rejection of negative ones; a preponderance of desirable qualities is what determines how well adjusted someone is.
d)
a perfect balance between positive and negative personality characteristics.
5.
Which of the following most clearly describes a form of parental behavior that would lead to desirable child development during the psychosocial stage Erikson described for two- and three-year-olds?
a)
Parents insist that their daughter attempt to cut a piece of meat, even though she is reluctant to try.
b)
A parent encourages a child who is trying to learn new skills, while at the same time providing support and supervision for her.
c)
Parents toilet train their child in a very strict manner.
d)
Parents agree on a policy of not setting limits for their child, so that she or he can become more autonomous.
6.
According to Erikson, teachers can help students between the ages of four and five develop in a healthy fashion by
a)
encouraging them never to feel guilty.
b)
promoting the open expression of initiative at all times.
c)
striving for a perfect balance between initiative and guilt.
d)
giving them the freedom to explore and taking the time to answer questions.
7.
You have decided that the students in your kindergarten class will no longer be allowed to participate in unstructured play or imagination activities. These types of activities, in your opinion, are a waste of learning time and have no place in a solid curriculum. Your thoughts largely ignore the need to resolve which of the following psychosocial crises?
a)
trust versus mistrust
b)
integrity versus despair
c)
initiative versus guilt
d)
play versus work
8.
Which of the following classroom practices would be most appropriate for children at Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority?
a)
awarding extra points for students who finish assignments quickly
b)
displaying charts listing the best students in various activities
c)
placing completed assignments in each student's Successful Work folder
d)
stressing the importance of earning high grades
9.
Rhonda, a sixth grader, loves to work in her father's wood shop crafting items that she designs. Often, however, when she approaches her father about letting her work with him, he dismisses her requests and tells her that she should “help your mother in the kitchen and stay out of my way.” According to Erikson, Rhonda will certainly never have feelings of inferiority.
a)
will certainly never have feelings of inferiority.
b)
may have trust issues in any relationship.
c)
may not work with wooden craft items until she is older and her gender role is properly formed.
d)
may not work with wooden craft items, is at risk for developing feelings of inferiority.
10.
According to Erikson, if Robert has successfully resolved the psychosocial crisis of adolescence, he is now able to
a)
think abstractly about philosophical issues.
b)
understand group dynamics and get along well with others.
c)
form a strong romantic attachment to another person, marry, and plan to begin a family.
d)
view himself as having a meaningful role in life.
11.
Brian is an only child whose father is a president of a large corporation, while his mother is a lawyer at a busy law firm. Brian has always enjoyed the company of other children partly, he believes, because he wasn't around children much except at school. He is particularly intrigued with young children's development and is thinking of majoring in early-childhood education in college. His parents are not happy with Brian's decision, and his father puts a great deal of pressure on him to major in business or pre-law. Brian isn't sure what to do. His situation is an example of
a)
identity achievement.
b)
negative identity.
c)
psychosocial moratorium.
d)
role confusion.
12.
Which of the following is most likely to promote a sense of industry among students?
a)
Encourage intense competition for top grades by limiting the number of available A's and B's.
b)
Create reasonable performance standards and communicate those standards to students.
c)
Encourage communication with local businesses to keep students informed of available job opportunities.
d)
Set a class “curve,” making sure that equal percentages of students receive A’s, B’s C’s, D’s, and F’s.
13.
According to Marcia, what identity status is usually the last to emerge developmentally?
a)
foreclosure
b)
moratorium
c)
identity achievement
d)
identity diffusion
14.
Eight-year-old Elizabeth is given a butterfly net for her birthday. She spends hours and hours capturing all kinds of creatures: butterflies, moths, crickets, grasshoppers, beetles, aphids, and pill bugs, to name just a few. She notices that some of the creatures have six legs and some have eight. She also notices that some have hard covers over their wings and others don't. She takes note of these differences and begins to separate her creatures according to the differences she notes. Which of the following, according to Piaget, is the process in which Elizabeth is engaging?
a)
equilibrium
b)
assimilation
c)
foreclosure
d)
organization
15.
Based on what he has seen at the circus, Larry came to believe that all elephants were docile. Recently, on his first African safari, he approached an elephant with the intention of petting it. Sensing Larry's presence, the elephant wheeled around and proceeded to charge. Larry must now adjust his elephant behavior scheme. According to Piaget, Larry must
a)
activate.
b)
adapt.
c)
disequilibrate.
d)
organize.
16.
Organized patterns of actions and thoughts, such as kicking a football or realizing that there are many different types of footballs, are defined by Piaget as
a)
organizations.
b)
adaptations.
c)
schemes.
d)
equilibrations.
17.
Which of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?
a)
A person who quits the baseball team after learning that you must wear extremely tight, nylon pants.
b)
A child who changes her scheme of “all snakes are poisonous and deadly” after easily surviving a bite from a common grass snake.
c)
A woman who, after being stuck on an elevator, decides that all cable-driven devices are unsafe.
d)
A student who learns that opossums can hang from tree branches by their tail and therefore adds opossums to her scheme of animals with prehensile tails.
18.
Stella, who has always believed that wolves stalk and kill human beings, learns that they are actually quite wary of humans and rarely attack them. Consequently, she joins an environmental group that is dedicated to reintroducing wolves to areas where they once lived. This behavior is a reflection of
a)
accommodation.
b)
assimilation.
c)
conservation.
d)
preoperational stage thinking.
19.
Piaget would probably view the development of a system of classification of animals and plants as evidence of our need to
a)
view the parts of any whole in some kind of hierarchy.
b)
adjust to our environment in an effort to maintain equilibrium.
c)
organize the elements of our world into some kind of interrelated system.
d)
change existing schemes in order to incorporate new experiences.
20.
A child who has had an unpleasant experience with dogs and who believes that dogs are mean walks down the street and encounters a dog that wags its tail at her. The child interprets the dog's behavior as threatening and runs away. Later, when she describes the dog to her parents and how it wagged its tail, the parents explain that this is a friendly response in dogs. Thus, the child begins to by changing what she believes about dogs.
a)
organize
b)
assimilate
c)
accommodate
d)
equilibrate
21.
A student is told by his science teacher that toads are not reptiles, as the student had originally thought. The student checks an animal taxonomy (classification) book out of the library in order to determine exactly what toads are, if not reptiles. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, this student is attempting to
a)
increase the disequilibrium caused by his science teacher.
b)
reorganize his scheme of animal systems.
c)
create a dichotomy in his understanding of animal life.
d)
enhance the discrepancy between the old and new perceptions of what it is to be a toad.
22.
Infants between birth and age two acquire an understanding of the world around them by
a)
being able to transfer what they see from one situation to the next.
b)
exploring their own bodies and senses.
c)
imitating what they observe.
d)
using deferred imitation.
23.
Infants between birth and age two acquire an understanding of the world around them by
a)
being able to transfer what they see from one situation to the next.
b)
exploring their own bodies and senses.
c)
imitating what they observe.
d)
using deferred imitation.
24.
According to Piaget, all but which of the following are characteristic of children in preschool and the primary grades (i.e., between the ages of two and seven)?
a)
They are unable to mentally translate volume from a tall thin container to a short fat container.
b)
There is a focus on the mastery of symbols, such as words.
c)
Logical thought begins to emerge at this stage.
d)
They begin to understand that words represent actions and ideas.
25.
A child who is concrete-operational is
a)
able to generalize from experiences to a broad range of situations.
b)
able to understand that hummingbirds and ducks are both birds.
c)
able to imagine what his friends would think of him if he could lift four hundred pounds.
d)
unable to feel sympathy for a classmate who has broken an arm.
26.
As an example of mastery of formal operations, a teacher might ask students to
a)
name all fifty states.
b)
write an adventure story in which they play the role of the main character.
c)
calculate the area of a triangle.
d)
list the advantages and disadvantages of the use of plastic products.
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