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WorksheetsAP Unit 2 Review
Total questions: 29
Worksheet time: 30mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that
a)
plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.
b)
plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
c)
plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
d)
animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated.
2.
Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
a)
the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells
b)
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
c)
the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes
d)
the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell's function
3.
Recent evidence shows that individual chromosomes occupy fairly defined territories within the nucleus. Given the structure and location of the following parts of the nucleus, which would be more probably involved in chromosome location?
a)
the nucleolus
b)
the outer lipid bilayer
c)
the nuclear lamina
d)
the nuclear matrix
4.
Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of free ribosomes?
a)
a cell that is secreting proteins
b)
a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
c)
a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix
d)
a cell that is digesting food particles
5.
The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that
a)
at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope.
b)
the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system.
c)
the nuclear envelope is physically continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.
d)
small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope.
6.
The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by
a)
the physical separation of most membranes from each other.
b)
the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles.
c)
the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components.
d)
the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination.
7.
In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
a)
chloroplast
b)
lysosome
c)
peroxisome
d)
glyoxysome
8.
The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
a)
rough ER
b)
smooth ER
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
Nuclear envelope
9.
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
a)
lysosome
b)
vacuole
c)
mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
10.
Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
a)
lysosome
b)
vacuole
c)
Golgi apparatus
d)
peroxisome
11.
A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,
a)
mitochondria and chloroplasts.
b)
chloroplasts and peroxisomes.
c)
peroxisomes and chloroplasts.
d)
chloroplasts and mitochondria.
12.
Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?
a)
sites of energy production in cellular respiration
b)
membrane proteins
c)
ribosomes
d)
cytoskeletons
13.
The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following is a characteristic of all of these extracellular structures?
a)
They must block water and small molecules in order to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment.
b)
They must permit information transfer between the cell's cytoplasm and the nucleus.
c)
They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume.
d)
They are constructed of materials that are largely synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell.
14.
Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through
a)
intermediate filaments.
b)
tight junctions.
c)
desmosomes.
d)
gap junctions.
15.
Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the
a)
mitochondria.
b)
ribosomes.
c)
peroxisomes.
d)
lysosomes.
16.
When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that
a)
the integral membrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together.
b)
hydrophilic interactions between the opposite membrane surfaces are destroyed on freezing.
c)
the carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipid tails are easily broken.
d)
the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point.
17.
According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?
a)
They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
b)
They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
c)
They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane.
d)
They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
18.
The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals
a)
enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
b)
enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
c)
enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
d)
makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.
19.
Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold?
a)
by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
b)
by increasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane
c)
by decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane
d)
by co-transport of glucose and hydrogen
20.
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
a)
large and hydrophobic
b)
small and hydrophobic
c)
large polar
d)
ionic
21.
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane?
a)
It is a peripheral membrane protein.
b)
It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.
c)
It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.
d)
It works against diffusion.
22.
Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
a)
It is very rapid over long distances.
b)
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
c)
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
d)
It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
23.
Water passes quickly through cell membranes because
a)
the bilayer is hydrophilic.
b)
water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
c)
it is a small, polar, charged molecule.
d)
it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
24.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
a)
hypotonic
b)
plasmolyzed
c)
isotonic
d)
hypertonic
25.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?
a)
The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B
b)
The molarity of sucrose and glucose are equal on both sides.
c)
The water level is higher in side A than in side B.
d)
The water level is unchanged.
26.
If a membrane protein in an animal cell is involved in the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions into the cell, which of the following is most likely true?
a)
Glucose is entering the cell along its concentration gradient.
b)
Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell.
c)
Potassium ions move across the same gradient as sodium ions.
d)
A substance that blocked sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein would also block the transport of glucose.
27.
The sodium-potassium pump in animal cells requires cytoplasmic ATP to pump ions across the plasma membrane. When the proteins of the pump are first synthesized in the rough ER, what side of the ER membrane will the ATP binding site be on?
a)
It will be on the cytoplasmic side of the ER
b)
It will be on the side facing the interior of the ER.
c)
It could be facing in either direction because the orientation of proteins is scrambled in the Golgi apparatus.
d)
It doesn't matter, because the pump is not active in the ER.
28.
An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
active transport
d)
phagocytosis
29.
In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?
a)
Phospholipids are found only in certain membranes.
b)
Certain proteins are unique to each membrane.
c)
Only certain membranes of the cell are selectively permeable.
d)
Only certain membranes are constructed from amphipathic molecules.
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