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WorksheetsPhylogeny, Speciation, & Origin of Life
Total questions: 22
Worksheet time: 16mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which piece of evidence BEST supports the endosymbiotic theory of organelle evolution?
a)
Mitochondria and chloroplast are the same size as present day extant bacteria.
b)
They divide by a process that is similar to meiosis.
c)
Mitochondria and chloroplast both contain DNA and can make their own proteins.
2.
The two extant species that are closely related to each other are __.
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
D and E
3.
The most precise information to use when making phylogenetic trees is...
a)
morphology
b)
molecular
c)
fossil
d)
synapomorphies
4.
What is a species?
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring.
b)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other.
c)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment.
5.
What type of speciation involves reproductive isolation?
a)
Allopatric
b)
Sympatric
c)
Both
6.
What type of speciation involves geographic isolation?
a)
Allopatric
b)
Sympatric
c)
Both
7.
What type of speciation involves isolation due to behavior such as sexual selection or habitat differentiation?
a)
Allopatric
b)
Sympatric
c)
Both
8.
The model that predicts evolution occurs in rapid bursts followed by long periods of no change is called...
a)
gradualism
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
convergent evolution
9.
If, like the horse, all of the transitional forms for a species are found in the fossil record, which model of evolution most likely occurred in that species?
a)
punctuated equilibrium
b)
gradualism
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
convergent evolution
10.
The theory of Punctuated Equilibrium helps to answer...
a)
why there are so many species in the world today
b)
why there are so few transitional fossils
c)
why it takes so long for speciation to happen
d)
why speciation can happen in only some organisms
11.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the cladogram above?
a)
Species P and Q
are equally related to species T.
b)
Species P and T
do not share a common ancestor.
c)
Species S evolved
from species R.
d)
Species S is more closely related to species T than to
species R.
12.
Which of the following factors was MOST important in the origin of life on Earth?
a)
Low
levels of solar energy
b)
Competition
for oxygen
c)
Biotic
synthesis of organic molecules
d)
Natural selection acting on molecules
and protobionts
13.
On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains why speciation is favored in such a situation?
a)
Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the
populations to the other islands.
b)
The physical separation
of the islands from the main island limits gene flow and interbreeding between
the populations.
c)
Lack of disease on the other island enables the populations to grow
and change without limits.
d)
The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed
all year long and produce several generations.
14.
What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth?
1. origin of mitochondria
2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes
3. origin of chloroplasts
4. origin of cyanobacteria
5. origin of fungi and animals
1. origin of mitochondria
2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes
3. origin of chloroplasts
4. origin of cyanobacteria
5. origin of fungi and animals
a)
4,
3, 2, 1, 5
b)
4,
1, 2, 3, 5
c)
4, 1, 3, 2, 5
15.
Which of the following supports the hypothesis of an “RNA world” on early Earth?
a)
Some
RNA molecules are important catalysts in modern cells.
b)
The oldest known fossils contain trace
amounts of RNA.
c)
Single-stranded RNA molecules are
linear and do not form three-dimensional shapes.
d)
RNA is the primary genetic material of
many viruses.
16.
Polyploidy occurs quite often in plants where the chromosomes duplicate causing a plant to have diploid gametes instead of haploid. When a tetraploid and diploid plants of the same species produce offspring, the result is a sterile triploid plant. The tetraploid plant can however mate with another tetraploid plant and produce fertile offspring. Which of the following is used to describe this type of speciation?
a)
Sympatric
b)
Allopatric
17.
If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 6000 years, then a fossil that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old?
a)
3000
b)
12000
c)
18000
d)
24000
18.
Evolution of The graph above illustrates the change in oxygen concentration that occurred roughly 2.3 billion years ago. Which of the events listed below most likely led to this rapid rise in atmospheric oxygen?
a)
multicellularity
b)
Evolution
of photosynthetic bacteria
c)
Origin of land plants
d)
Origin of land animals
19.
Why do some scientists believe that RNA, rather than DNA, was the first genetic material?
a)
RNA probably mutated
into DNA
b)
RNA
has both information storage and catalytic properties.
c)
RNA can replicate more accurately than
DNA.
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of
thymine.
20.
Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?
a)
All organisms carry out the Krebs
cycle in mitochondria.
b)
Glycolysis
is a universal energy-releasing process and is present in a common ancestor for
all forms of life.
c)
Across the three domains, all
organisms are made up of cells.
d)
The presence of glycolysis as an
energy-releasing process in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution
occurred.
21.
Which has more experimental data to support the Origin of Life?
a)
RNA World
b)
Metabolism First
22.
Which hypothesis supports the claim that "Iron as a metal catalyst would have produced pyruvate, which is an organic molecule produced in our cells"?
a)
RNA World
b)
Metabolism First
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