WorksheetsContrast 2 theories explaining altruism in humans
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 18mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is the BEST definition of altruism?
a)
Altruism is a form of pro-social behaviour where a person helps, regardless of the impact on society.
b)
Altruism occurs when a person unselfishly helps others without having any expectation of getting a reward or even sometimes at personal cost to themselves.
c)
Altruism describes a behaviour that benefits another person or has positive social consequences.
2.
Which TWO theories of Altruism do you need to know for this dot point?
a)
Biological Altruism and Kin Selection Theory
b)
Empathy-Altruism Model and Negative State Relief Model
c)
Psychological Altruism and Empathy-Altruism Model.
d)
Kin Selection Theory and Empathy-Altruism Model.
3.
What type of model is the Empathy-Altruism Model?
a)
A psychological model
b)
A biological model
c)
A social model
d)
A physiological model
4.
What type of model is the Kin Selection Theory?
a)
A social model
b)
A psychological model
c)
A biological model
d)
A negative state model
5.
The Empathy-Altruism Model suggests that...
a)
If you feel empathy towards a person, you will consider the costs and benefits before making the decision to help.
b)
People help in order to relieve the negative feelings they experience when they look at someone in need.
c)
If you feel empathy towards another person you will refrain from helping.
d)
if you feel empathy towards a person, you will help him or her, regardless of what you may gain from it. If a person feels no empathy, then they would consider the costs and benefits before making the decision to help.
6.
What is the name of the researcher that proposed the Empathy-Altruism Model?
a)
Madsen
b)
Batson
c)
Singer
d)
Bartlett
7.
Which of the following is NOT a strength of the Empathy-Altruism Model?
a)
The empathy-altruism hypothesis has been tested empirically many times and is, therefore, reliable.
b)
The theory, can to some extent, predict conditions under which altruistic behaviour will happen.
c)
Empathy always predicts why people with help.
d)
The theory explains why people help those who are similar to them.
8.
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of the Empathy-Altruism Model?
a)
The theory takes into account individual differences between people.
b)
Some people may be more helpful than others, despite empathy levels.
c)
It is a problem that it is not possible to determine whether altruism is the result of empathy for the person or the motivation to escape one’s own emotions.
d)
It is difficult to generalize findings from the studies supporting this theory to real life.
9.
Which researcher / s conducted the two supporting studies for this model.
a)
Batson
b)
Madsen
c)
Both were conducted by Madsen
d)
Both were conducted by Batson
10.
In Batson's first study: Students were asked to listen to a recording of a student called Carol, talking about an accident where she broke both of her legs, the struggles she was having and how she was having difficulty keeping up with her school work.
The students were then divided into two groups: low empathy and high empathy.
The students were then given a letter, asking them to meet up with Carol and share their lecture notes with her.
Some were told that they would have to see Carol again and others were told that they would not have to.
Are these details TRUE or FALSE
The students were then divided into two groups: low empathy and high empathy.
The students were then given a letter, asking them to meet up with Carol and share their lecture notes with her.
Some were told that they would have to see Carol again and others were told that they would not have to.
Are these details TRUE or FALSE
a)
True
b)
False
11.
What were the TWO independent variables in Batson's first study?
a)
Empathy level +
High or Low cost
High or Low cost
b)
familiarity level + High or Low cost
c)
Empathy Level + familiarity level
d)
Empathy Level + Liking v's Non-Liking
12.
What were the results of Batson's first experiment?
a)
Participants from the low empathy group were almost equally likely to help Carol, whether she would be in their class or not.
Participants from the high empathy group were more likely to help if they thought Carol would be in their class.
Participants from the high empathy group were more likely to help if they thought Carol would be in their class.
b)
Participants from each condition did not vary in their level of helping.
c)
Participants from the high empathy group were almost equally likely to help Carol, whether she would be in their class or not.
Participants from the low empathy group were more likely to help if they thought Carol would be in their class.
Participants from the low empathy group were more likely to help if they thought Carol would be in their class.
13.
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Batson's first study?
a)
Participant variability. Interpretation of the results did not take personality factors into account.
b)
It is difficult to measure a person’s level of empathy and we cannot be sure that each group member did or did not experience empathy. Members of the non empathy group may have felt empathy. (Low internal validity).
c)
Batson’s model explains why some people show more empathy than others.
d)
Demand characteristics could have influenced the results.
14.
What were the IV and DV in Batson 2nd experiment?
a)
IV 1: Participants could either empathise with Elaine or they could not empathise.
IV 2: Easy escape v's difficult escape
DV: Whether they helped Elaine by taking her place in the task that resulted in electric shocks.
IV 2: Easy escape v's difficult escape
DV: Whether they helped Elaine by taking her place in the task that resulted in electric shocks.
b)
IV 1: Participants could either empathise with Elaine or they could not empathise.
IV 2: Participants were either familiar with Elaine or not familiar with Elaine.
DV: Whether they helped Elaine by taking her place in the task that resulted in electric shocks.
IV 2: Participants were either familiar with Elaine or not familiar with Elaine.
DV: Whether they helped Elaine by taking her place in the task that resulted in electric shocks.
15.
The results of Batson's study were:
in the low empathy, condition participants agreed to help Elaine. It didn't matter if they had an easy escape or difficult escape.
In the high-empathy condition, most participants withdrew in the easy escape condition but helped in the hard escape condition.
TRUE or FALSE?
in the low empathy, condition participants agreed to help Elaine. It didn't matter if they had an easy escape or difficult escape.
In the high-empathy condition, most participants withdrew in the easy escape condition but helped in the hard escape condition.
TRUE or FALSE?
a)
True
b)
False
16.
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of Kin Selection Theory?
a)
Altruism occurs when we help those who share the same genes as us with the knowledge that they are more likely to help us. Thus making it more likely that we will survive and pass on our genes to future generations.
b)
Altruism is an evolved response that exists in humans now because such prosocial behaviour has in the past provided a survival advantage. When we help those who are closely related and share genes with us, we increase the chance of the family genes being passed on to future generations.
c)
Altruism is an evolved response to protect us from threats that might harm our immune system. Thus making it more likely that we will survive and pass on our genes to future generations.
17.
What is the name of the researchers who conducted the main experiment in support of Kin Selection Theory?
a)
Batson
b)
Fessler
c)
Curtis
d)
Madsen
18.
Which of the following was the aim of Madsen et al's study?
a)
To see whether people would be more willing to sit in an uncomfortable position if a close biological relative would benefit when compared to a less closely related relative.
b)
To see whether people would be more likely to sit in an uncomfortable position if they are offered large sums of money or food.
c)
To see whether people would be more willing to sit in an uncomfortable position if their best friend would benefit when compared to a stranger.
19.
Which of the following best describes the first part of Masden's study?
a)
Before the experiment, participants had to provide a list of their closest biological relatives and a list of their best friends. Then one name from the list would be chosen and the money or food that the participant earned would be given to the person that was chosen.
b)
Before the experiment, participants had to provide the names of one close biological relative and one more distant biological relative. Both relatives could not live with them. Then one name of the two would be chosen and the money or food that the participant earned would be given to that person.
c)
Before the experiment, participants had to give a list of people’s names that were biological relatives but did not live together with them. They also had to state how closely related the relative was. Then one name from the list would be chosen and the money or food that the participant earned would be given to the person that was chosen.
20.
With which two countries/cultures were the experiments conducted?
a)
In the UK with money and with the Zulu culture in South Africa with food.
b)
In the UK with food and with the Zulu culture in South Africa with money.
c)
In the USA with money and with the Zulu culture in South Africa with food.
d)
In the USA with food and with the Zulu culture in South Africa with money.
21.
The second part of Madsen's study involved:
Participants had to sit in an uncomfortable position up against a wall for as long as they could. Each participant was told that they would earn a certain amount of food or money for sitting in the position. The amount would increase the longer they sat there. They were also told which person from their list would be given the food or the money.
TRUE or FALSE
Participants had to sit in an uncomfortable position up against a wall for as long as they could. Each participant was told that they would earn a certain amount of food or money for sitting in the position. The amount would increase the longer they sat there. They were also told which person from their list would be given the food or the money.
TRUE or FALSE
a)
True
b)
False
22.
What were the results of Madsen's study?
a)
The more closely related they were to the name they were given, the longer they stayed in the uncomfortable position in the Zulu culture but not in the USA.
b)
The more closely related they were to the name they were given, the longer they stayed in the uncomfortable position in the USA but not in the Zulu culture.
c)
The less closely related they were to the name they were given, the longer they stayed in the uncomfortable position in both countries.
d)
The more closely related they were to the name they were given, the longer they stayed in the uncomfortable position in both countries.
23.
What is the name of the study that does not support the Kin Selection Theory?
a)
Madsen et al
b)
Kim et al
c)
Batson et al
d)
Simmonds et al
24.
What were the findings of this study?
a)
86% of parents said yes to donating a kidney but only 47% of siblings. According to Kin Selection Theory, they should be close to equal. Therefore, other emotional, relationship and individual factors may influence altruism.
b)
86% of siblings said yes to donating a kidney but only 47% of parents. According to Kin Selection Theory, they should be close to equal. Therefore, other emotional, relationship and individual factors may influence altruism.
25.
Which of the following is NOT a strength of Kin Selection Theory?
a)
It is falsifiable.
b)
Supported by empirical research studies.
c)
May explain why people are more likely to donate organs to blood relatives.
d)
May explain why people are more likely to protect their family in emergency situations.
26.
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Kin Selection Theory?
a)
Cannot explain why we help people that are not biologically related to us.
b)
Overly simplistic and ignores emotional and cultural factors that may influence altruism.
c)
It is not supported by any empirical research studies.
d)
Does not explain why children help their parents because their parents are not going to pass on their genes.
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