Filtration is a common method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. An example of a mixture is sand and water. This process involves the use of a filter paper placed in a filter funnel. The funnel is placed in a beaker and the mixture of water and sand is poured into the funnel. The liquid part drains through the filter paper into the beaker, leaving the solid sand particles trapped on the filter.
Filtration is a common method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.
True or False?

In filtration, the liquid part collected is called the filtrate and the solid bit that remained on the filter paper is called the residue.
In filtration, what is the part that remains called?

In some cases there are suspension mixtures where the solid particles are too fine to be separated with a filter. In these cases, sometimes a centrifuge is used. Centrifuges are mechanical devices that spin at very high speeds. These high speeds allow the solid particles in suspensions to settle very quickly.
When is a centrifuge used?

Evaporation is good for separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent. The process involves heating the solution until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas) leaving behind the solid residue.
Evaporation is good for separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent.
True or False?

A mixture of salt and water. To get the salt back from the salt water, the solution is heated to boiling point. As it boils, the water escapes as vapor (gas). After a while, all the water evaporates, leaving a layer of salt at the bottom of the glass.
To remove the salt from salt water, the easiest thing to do is boil it and evaporate the water.
True or False?

Fractional distillation is similar to simple distillation. It is best for separating a solution of two liquids. (liquids that dissolve in each other). Fractional method takes advantage of the different boiling points of the two liquids. Fractional distillation takes a bit more time than the simple distillation.
Fractional distillation takes less time than the simple distillation.
True or False?

Magnetism is ideal for separating mixtures of two solids with one part having magnetic properties. Some metals like iron, nickel and cobalt have magnetic properties whiles gold, silver and aluminum do not. Magnetic elements are attracted to a magnet.
How would you separate iron filings mixed with sand?

A sample of matter is pure if it has only one identity throughout (there is one and only one ‘thing’ in it). A pure substance is a substance that cannot be separated by physical means (filtration, evaporation, distillation or chromatography). Examples of pure substances include water, gold, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen.
A pure substance can be separated by what process?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter can be any thing. Chemistry is the scientific study of matter. It is a broad branch of knowledge.
What is 'matter'?

Water has a melting point of 0°C and a boiling point of 100°C. It is also colourless and odourless. Gold is yellow in colour, solid at room temperature and pressure and is a good conductor of electricity. Pure substances can be divided into two groups, elements and compounds.
What two groups can pure substances be separated into?

Compounds are composed of one or more different types of atoms that joined together by chemical bonds. Examples of compounds include water, glucose, methanol, DNA and carbon dioxide.
Compounds are composed of one type of atom.
True or False?

A mixture is an impure substance that can be separated into pure substance by physical means. For example, dirty water can be purified by filtration. Each item retains its properties in the mixture.
What is a definition of a mixture?

An element is a pure substance that can't be separated into anything more simpler by physical or chemical means. Gold is an element because it only contains gold atoms. Water is not an element because it contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
Gold is an element because it only contains gold atoms.
True or False?

Matter exists in three physical states: solid, liquid and gas. Solids maintain their own fixed shape and volume; liquids have their own volume, but take the shape of their container and retain a level surface. Gases take the shape of their container and its volume since they will fill it.
Gases take the shape of their container.
True or False?

Matter can be classified based on physical properties. These include mass, magnetism, physical state (solid, liquid and gas), relative density (sinking and floating), solubility in water, and ability to conduct or insulate thermal or electric energy.
What is NOT a physical property matter?