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WorksheetsGeological Time Scale
Total questions: 23
Worksheet time: 12mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is Catastrophism?
a)
states, physical, chemical and biological laws that operated in the geologic past
b)
beliefs from 1600s explaining the Earth's features being formed by catastrophes of unknowable origins
c)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
d)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
2.
What is Uniformitarianism?
a)
states, physical, chemical and biological laws that operated in the geologic past
b)
mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores
c)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
d)
used when index fossils are not present for particular rock formation
3.
Goal of geology?
a)
to interpret the Earth's history
b)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
c)
represents a long period during which deposition ceased, erosion removed previously formed rocks, deposition resumed
d)
Measure using an isotopes half-life: time required for 1/2 nuclei in the same sample to decay
4.
Numerical Dates
a)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
b)
Rock that provides fragments (older) must be there before rock that encloses fragments (younger)
c)
exact # of years
d)
sequence of formation (one process followed another)
5.
Relative Dates
a)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
b)
sequence of formation (one process followed another)
c)
indirect evidence of life
d)
rocks of similar age from different regions must be matched up
6.
Principle of superposition
a)
layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
b)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
c)
fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another
d)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
7.
Principle of original horizontality
a)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
b)
layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
c)
fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another
d)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
8.
Principle of cross-cutting relationships
a)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
b)
fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another
c)
layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
d)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
9.
Principle of Inclusion
a)
fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another
b)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
c)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
d)
layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
10.
What is Conformable?
a)
tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata
b)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
c)
layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change
d)
represents a long period during which deposition ceased, erosion removed previously formed rocks, deposition resumed
11.
What is Unconformity?
a)
epresents a long period during which deposition ceased, erosion removed previously formed rocks, deposition resumed
b)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
c)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
d)
tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata
12.
What is Angular Unconformity?
a)
layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change
b)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
c)
tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata
d)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
13.
What is Disconformity?
a)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
b)
represents a long period during which deposition ceased, erosion removed previously formed rocks, deposition resumed
c)
layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change
d)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
14.
What is Nonconformity?
a)
tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata
b)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
c)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
d)
layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change
15.
What is Permineralization?
a)
fine sediment encasing an organism, over time pressure squeezes out liquid and gases and a thin carbon layer is left behind
b)
mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores
c)
indirect evidence of life Tracks, burrows, coprolites(fossilized scat), gastroliths (polished stomach stones)
d)
harden resin of ancient trees
16.
What are Molds and Casts?
a)
shell or another structure buried in sediment then dissolved by groundwater, a mold is created
b)
indirect evidence of life
c)
fine sediment encasing an organism, over time pressure squeezes out liquid and gases and a thin carbon layer is left behind
d)
harden resin of ancient trees
17.
What is Carbonization Impressions?
a)
shell or another structure buried in sediment then dissolved by groundwater, a mold is created
b)
mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores
c)
harden resin of ancient trees
d)
fine sediment encasing an organism, over time pressure squeezes out liquid and gases and a thin carbon layer is left behind
18.
What is Amber?
a)
harden resin of ancient trees
b)
shell or another structure buried in sediment then dissolved by groundwater, a mold is created
c)
indirect evidence of life Tracks, burrows, coprolites(fossilized scat), gastroliths (polished stomach stones)
d)
mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores
19.
What are Trace Fossils?
a)
indirect evidence of life Tracks, burrows, coprolites(fossilized scat), gastroliths (polished stomach stones)
b)
harden resin of ancient trees
c)
mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores
d)
shell or another structure buried in sediment then dissolved by groundwater, a mold is created
20.
What is Correlation?
a)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
b)
rocks of similar age from different regions must be matched up
c)
fossils are arranged according to their age, they do not paint a haphazard picture
d)
radioactive isotope of a carbon-14
21.
What is Principles of Fossil Succession?
a)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
b)
environmental indicators
c)
fossils are arranged according to their age, they do not paint a haphazard picture
d)
Allows us to date recent events in geologic history
22.
What are Index Fossils?
a)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
b)
1700s specific types of fossils found in certain sedimentary layers and not in others
c)
Fossils document the evolution of life through time
d)
Allows us to recognize what intervals of time are not represented by strata and thus missing from fossil record
23.
What is Fossil Assemblage?
a)
Provides a reliable method of calculation the ages of rocks and minerals that contain radioactive isotopes
b)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
c)
Allows us to date recent events in geologic history
d)
used when index fossils are not present for particular rock formation
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