WorksheetsSecond Semester Exam Review Questions
Total questions: 138
Worksheet time: 34hrs 16mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which type of tissue covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out, as the lining and covering of your organs and as a layer of skin?
a)
connective
b)
epithelial
c)
muscle
d)
nerve
2.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the bones in your skeletal system?
a)
providing shape and support for the body
b)
stores minerals
c)
protecting internal organs
d)
producing digestive juices
3.
The type of involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive tract is called:
a)
skeletal
b)
cardiac
c)
smooth
d)
rough
4.
What is stored in the gallbladder?
a)
bile
b)
enzymes
c)
gall
d)
urine
5.
Which system is represented in this picture?
a)
Digestive
b)
Circulatory
c)
Nervous
d)
Urinary
6.
When food leaves the stomach, where does it go next?
a)
Small intestine
b)
Large intestine
c)
Liver
d)
Pancreas
7.
Which of these is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
a)
carrying blood cells that help fight disease
b)
carrying oxygen, glucose, and other needed materials to cells
c)
carrying waste products away from cells
d)
producing blood cells
8.
Which type of digestion happens in the mouth?
a)
chemical
b)
mechanical
c)
both chemical and mechanical
d)
no digestion happens in the mouth
9.
Smiling is an action controlled by ________ muscles, since it is an action that a person can control.
a)
cardiac
b)
skeletal
c)
smooth
d)
rough
10.
In which blood vessels do materials such as nutrients and waste move into and out of our cells?
a)
arteries
b)
bronchi
c)
capillaries
d)
veins
11.
Which of the following happens in the large intestine?
a)
Water is absorbed into capillaries by alveoli
b)
Water is absorbed from the undigested food and taken into the bloodstream.
c)
Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
d)
Enzymes are added for chemical digestion.
12.
What would you find in the blood being carried in most veins?
a)
O2 and nutrients
b)
CO2 and other wastes
c)
O2 and other wastes
d)
CO2 and nutrients
13.
One role of the respiratory system is to bring what substance into the body?
a)
water
b)
oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
sugar
14.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
a)
Collects and removes wastes
b)
Initiates responses for survival
c)
Receives and interprets signals from inside the body
d)
Receives and interprets signals from outside the body
15.
What do we call the thick column of nerve tissue that links the brain to the nerves in the peripheral nervous system?
a)
bronchi
b)
spinal cord
c)
cerebellum
d)
vertebrae
16.
The muscle that plays an important role in breathing is the:
a)
diaphragm
b)
alveolus
c)
larynx
d)
bronchus
17.
Which organ filters wastes from the blood and produces urine?
a)
Kidney
b)
Lungs
c)
Bladder
d)
Ureters
18.
What do the bronchi do?
a)
move air from the trachea into the lungs
b)
clean the air that comes into our body
c)
make the noises that allow us to talk
d)
allow our lungs to move
19.
The brain and spinal cord make up the:
a)
autonomic nervous system
b)
voluntary nervous system
c)
peripheral nervous system
d)
central nervous system
20.
Which letter points to the kidney in the picture?
a)
P
b)
O
c)
N
d)
M
21.
What is the function of the brainstem?
a)
receiving input from the senses
b)
controlling involuntary processes such as breathing
c)
coordinating the actions of muscles
d)
protecting the cerebrum
22.
What is the letter Q pointing to in the picture?
a)
Heart
b)
Vein
c)
Artery
d)
Capillary
23.
What organ carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
a)
esophagus
b)
epiglottis
c)
gallbladder
d)
rectum
24.
Which system sends signals to ALL the other systems telling them what to do?
a)
nervous system
b)
circulatory system
c)
respiratory system
d)
excretory system
25.
Which 2 systems work together to take in oxygen and transport it throughout the body?
a)
respiratory and circulatory
b)
respiratory and muscular
c)
circulatory and digestive
d)
digestive and nervous
26.
Which 2 systems work together to ensure that nutrients made available by digestion get to the cells of the body?
a)
respiratory and circulatory
b)
respiratory and muscular
c)
circulatory and digestive
d)
digestive and nervous
27.
What do we call the strong connective tissue that holds the bones together at a joint?
a)
ligaments
b)
cartilage
c)
tendons
d)
alveoli
28.
What is the letter W pointing to in the picture?
a)
Trachea
b)
Esophagus
c)
Bronchi
d)
Ureter
29.
What do we call the small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place?
a)
Bronchial tubes
b)
Alveoli
c)
Cartilage
d)
Villi
30.
What part of the brain controls thoughts, voluntary actions, and the sensations related to the five senses?
a)
cerebrum
b)
brainstem
c)
cerebellum
d)
spinal cord
31.
Skeletal muscles can move bones because the muscles are attached to the bones by connective tissues called:
a)
Tendons
b)
Capillaries
c)
Cartilage
d)
Ligaments
32.
Which organs of the excretory system carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
a)
Urethras
b)
Capillaries
c)
Pancreas
d)
Ureters
33.
Which term best describes #1 in the picture?
a)
cell
b)
tissue
c)
organ
d)
system
34.
Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
a)
vein
b)
capillary
c)
bronchi
d)
artery
35.
The opening at the end of the rectum is called the:
a)
small intestine
b)
epiglottis
c)
pancreas
d)
anus
36.
The levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest are:
a)
system, organ, cell, tissue
b)
tissue, system, cell, organ
c)
cell, tissue, organ, system
d)
organ, tissue, system, cell
37.
In a group of cats, some individuals have a hairy body and others have a hairless body. In this group, the gene for the body hair trait has two alleles. The allele B is for a hairy body, and the allele b is for a hairless body.Kitkat, a cat from this group, has a hairless body. Kitkat has two alleles for a hairless body.Based on this information, what is Kitkat's phenotype for the body hair trait?
a)
a hairless body
b)
bb
c)
BB
d)
a hairy body
38.
n a group of rose plants, some individuals have light yellow flowers and others have dark yellow flowers. In this group, the gene for the flower color trait has two alleles. The allele F is for light yellow flowers, and the allele f is for dark yellow flowers.A certain rose plant from this group has dark yellow flowers. This plant has two alleles for dark yellow flowers. Based on this information, what is this rose plant's genotype for the flower color gene?
a)
ff
b)
dark yellow flowers
c)
Ff
d)
light yellow flowers
39.
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor is called a(n) _____.
a)
genetic trait
b)
recessive trait
c)
heredity trait
d)
dominant trait
40.
In a Punnett square, a capital letter stands for a ____ allele.
a)
recessive
b)
homozygous
c)
dominant
d)
heterozygous
41.
Kari has two pet rats with black fur. When her rats mated, one of their four offspring had white fur, and the other three had black fur. Which is most likely true for Kari’s rats?
a)
Both parents are homozygous for the white-fur trait, which is recessive.
b)
Both parents are heterozygous for the white-fur trait, which is dominant.
c)
Both parents are heterozygous for the white-fur trait, which is recessive.
d)
Both parents are heterozygous for the white-fur trait, which is sex-linked.
42.
A recessive trait is observed when _____ recessive alleles are present in an organism.
a)
0
b)
1
c)
2
d)
3
43.
A man and a woman want to have a child, but the man is heterozygous (Cc) for a recessive trait that causes a fatal illness. What is the probability of a child’s inheriting the trait?
a)
0%
b)
100%
c)
50%
d)
25%
44.
Gregor Mendel studied heredity using ____ plants.
a)
rose
b)
corn
c)
pea
d)
tundra
45.
Of the following, which represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
a)
TT
b)
tt
c)
Tt
d)
t
46.
A and B are the same kind of fish. A has a genotype for narrow fins (ww), and B has a genotype for wide fins (W-). Which of the following genotypes of parent fish will produce only offspring having wide fins?
a)
Ww and Ww
b)
WW and ww
c)
Ww and ww
d)
ww and ww
47.
Bird A has the genotype ll for bill length, and Bird B is LL. The bills of their offspring would be:
a)
long in 100% of the offspring.
b)
short in 100% of the offspring.
c)
long in 50% of the offspring.
d)
short in 75% of the offspring.
48.
Parents pass their traits down to their offspring through their __________.
a)
daughter cells
b)
son cells
c)
body cells
d)
reproductive cells
49.
A widow's peak is a V-shaped area of the hairline in the center of the forehead. The allele for having a widow's peak is dominant to the allele for not having a widow's peak.If two parents do not have widow's peaks, what is the probability that their child will have a widow's peak?
a)
0%
b)
100%
c)
50%
d)
75%
50.
Inherited traits are traits that children get from their parents through:
a)
infection
b)
sharing their parents' environment
c)
imitation their parent
d)
genes
51.
Organisms typically have more than one form of each gene. If one form can mask the appearance of another form, that form is considered _______ the other form.
a)
dominant over
b)
worse than
c)
recessive to
d)
better than
52.
In carnations, the allele for red pigmentation (R) is dominant to the allele for no pigmentation (r). Carnations with no pigmentation appear white in color.
A cross between a red carnation and a white carnation produces pink carnations. Which of the following is true?
A cross between a red carnation and a white carnation produces pink carnations. Which of the following is true?
a)
This is an example of simple dominance.
b)
The parent carnations are both homozygous recessive.
c)
This is an example of incomplete dominance.
d)
The parent carnations are both homozygous dominant.
53.
Which of the following is an example of co-dominance?
a)
A cross between a black mouse and a white mouse produces a gray mouse.
b)
In a cross between tall plants and short plants, half the offspring are tall and half the offspring are short.
c)
A blue-eyed child has one blue-eyed parent and one brown-eyed parent.
d)
A cross between a white cow and a red bull produces a calf with white hairs and red hairs.
54.
Freckles (F) are a dominant trait.The Punnett square for a non-freckled parent and a homozygous freckled parent is shown below. What is the probability that their children will have freckles?
a)
0%
b)
100%
c)
50%
d)
25%
55.
In some animals, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Which of these genotypes will complete this Punnett square?
a)
Either BB or Bb
b)
BB
c)
Bb
d)
bb
56.
Biotechnology is a growing field of applied biology. Many crops, such as corn, have been engineered to be resistant to herbicides. Therefore, farmers can spray these chemicals to kill weeds growing near the crops without worries of killing the crop itself.How does this type of biotechnology work?
a)
by changing the type of crops used
b)
by causing the crops to kill the weeds
c)
by changing the genetic makeup of the crops
d)
by changing the location of the crops
57.
A new strain of rice was developed to be resistant to popular weed killers. What could be a negative outcome from the production of this new rice variety?
a)
There are no possible negative outcomes from this new strain of rice.
b)
If it accidentally spreads to areas where it is unwanted, it will be difficult to remove.
c)
The rice crops will be more productive due to less competition with other plants.
d)
Farmers will be able to spray weeds growing near the rice without worrying about killing the rice.
58.
Selective breeding occurs when organisms are chosen to breed because they possess specific traits. For example, selective breeding has resulted in a wide variety of domesticated cat breeds, such as the Maine Coon and the Siamese.In the selective breeding of cats, the parents of the offspring are chosen by:
a)
random chance
b)
a human
c)
the father
d)
the mother
59.
A farmer chooses the plants that produce the sweetest tomatoes to pollinate one another over many generations. Eventually all of the offspring of his plants produce only sweeter tomatoes. What process did the farmer use to produce his new and sweeter variety of tomatoes?
a)
selective breeding
b)
random breeding
c)
asexual reproduction
d)
domesticated reproduction
60.
Which of these is a result of selective breeding?
a)
gorillas having black fur
b)
kangaroos having a pouch
c)
fish being able to breathe through their gills
d)
apples coming in many different varieties
61.
The genetic engineering of crops is a controversial and debated issue in the media and press. Which of the following would be an argument in favor of the genetic engineering of corn?
a)
improved nutritional content
b)
increased crop yields
c)
reduction of pesticide use
d)
all of these
62.
A genetic mutation occurs in a rabbit's muscle cell. This genetic mutation will be passed on to
a)
the existing cells in the rabbit's body.
b)
cells that are produced when the mutant cell divides.
c)
the cells that are next to the mutant muscle cell.
d)
the cells of the rabbit's offspring.
63.
The butterflies shown below all belong to the same species, but one of them has inherited a rare mutation for blue wings rather than orange wings. The butterflies feed on nectar from orange flowers, and their color acts as camouflage while they feed.What will most likely happen to the butterfly with blue wings?
a)
It will be less likely to survive because it will be more visible to predators.
b)
It will be more likely to survive because mutations always help an organism.
c)
It will be more likely to survive because it will be more attractive to potential mates.
d)
It will be less likely to survive because it won't be able to find orange flowers.
64.
For many generations, farmers in North America have been choosing to cross corn plants with large ears of corn each year. This results in the new generation of plants also growing large ears of corn.What is this technique called?
a)
natural selection
b)
selective breeding
c)
mitosis
d)
asexual budding
65.
Cystic fibrosis is a disorder that causes the mucus glands to produce very thick mucus. Problems with the respiratory and digestive systems often occur in individuals with this condition. Like many disorders, cystic fibrosis occurs when there is a simple change, or mutation, in the DNA of a particular gene.According to the information above, genetic mutations:
a)
can only cause diseases in plants and wild animals.
b)
will always cause death in humans.
c)
usually result in the release of excess mucus.
d)
can contribute to or cause diseases in humans.
66.
Throughout the years, many crops and domestic animals have been selectively bred for desirable traits. For example, domestic dogs have been bred for characteristics such as temperament, color, and size.How can selective breeding change the genetic makeup of such species?
a)
Some traits could become more common than they naturally would be.
b)
Some traits could become less common than they naturally would be.
c)
It could result in changes to the genetic diversity within the species.
d)
all of these
67.
Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder of the blood in which the shape of red blood cells is distorted, resulting in a variety of health problems. The allele for normal blood cell production (H) is dominant to the allele for sickle cell production (h). If one parent has sickle-cell anemia and the other parent is a carrier, what is the probability that their child will have sickle-cell anemia?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
68.
Genes are located
a)
only in chromosomes
b)
in cytoplasm
c)
only in sex cells
d)
in inherited traits
69.
Which inheritance pattern does human blood type follow?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
recessive dominance
70.
In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant to the allele for blue eyes (b). What is the probability that two heterozygous brown-eyed parents will have a child with blue eyes?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
25%
71.
Offspring may look like their parents because DNA is passed from parent to offspring during sexual reproduction. Each sex cell (egg or sperm) of the parent organism contains ______________ of the genetic material needed to create a new organism.
a)
all
b)
half
c)
one fourth
d)
none
72.
There are two types of pea plants: those that produce round seeds and those that produce wrinkled seeds. A single gene controls which type of seed a pea plant will produce.An experiment shows that pea plants containing an allele for round seeds will always produce round seeds. Based on this information, we can conclude that the allele for round seeds in pea plants is _______.
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
73.
In humans, the allele for attached ear lobes (e) is recessive to the allele for free ear lobes (E). If both of Lisa's parents have attached ear lobes, then:
a)
Lisa may have either attached ear lobes or free ear lobes
b)
Lisa must have her ears pierced.
c)
Lisa must have free ear lobes.
d)
Lisa must have attached ear lobes
74.
In humans, the length of the big toe is controlled by a single gene using complete dominance. The dominant version of the trait is a big toe that is shorter than the second toe. If the mother is homozygous recessive for the trait and the father is heterozygous, what are the chances their child will have a short big toe?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
75.
Human blood types are determined by the types of proteins, A or B, found in the blood. People with type O blood have neither A nor B proteins present. The table below provides a description of the possible blood type combinations. What is the probability that a mother with the genotype AO and a father with genotype AB blood will have a child with type B blood?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
76.
Fruit flies can either have a brown body or a black body. This trait is determined using complete dominance. The allele for a brown body (B) is dominant and the allele for a black body (b) is recessive. A brown fruit fly was crossed with a black fruit fly as shown below. What is the probability of a resulting offspring being brown?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
77.
What is a Punnett Square?
a)
A chart that shows how many offspring organisms will have
b)
A chart used to predict what genes an offspring will have based on the parents
c)
A chart that shows exactly which alleles an offspring will have
d)
A chart that predicts the number of cells an offspring will have
78.
In the punnett square below, eye color is determined by complete dominance. Which of the following phenotypes has 1 in 4 (or 25%) chance of occurring in the Punnett Square below?
a)
a child is born that has blue eyes, but also carries the gene for brown eyes
b)
a child is born with blue eyes
c)
a child is born that has brown eyes, but also carries the gene for blue eyes
d)
a child is born with brown eyes
79.
In guinea pigs, fur is determined by complete dominance. Black fur is dominant and white fur is recessive. What genotype would a purebred black guinea pig have?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
either BB or Bb
80.
If flower color is determined using INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE where red is dominant, white is recessive, and pink is hybrid, what are the chances that a red flower and a pink flower will reproduce to make a white flower?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
81.
Which of the following describe the genotype “tt”?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
both recessive and heterozygous
82.
In plants, height is determined by complete dominance. Being tall is dominant and being short is recessive. Which of the following is true about the plants below?
a)
They have the same phenotypes.
b)
They have the same genotypes.
c)
They have the same alleles
d)
They are both short.
83.
The Punnett square below shows a cross between a white rabbit and a black rabbit. Black fur (B) is dominant and white fur (b) is recessive. Fur color is inherited using complete dominance. What is the genotype of the black parent rabbit?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
either BB or bb
84.
In flowers, color is determined using incomplete dominance. Red flowers are dominant and blue flowers are recessive. What is the chances of 2 heterozygous purple flowers producing a blue flower?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
85.
In cows, their fur can either be brown, white, or a mix of brown and white. Which type of inheritance is being used?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
both complete and incomplete dominance
86.
Calvin is pouring water through a sample of soil, and measuring the amount of time it takes 500 milliliters of water to pass through it. Soils that allow water to pass through them faster are more _______.
a)
acidic
b)
fertile
c)
basic
d)
permeable
87.
Which layer of soil is best for plant growth?
a)
subsoil
b)
parent material
c)
wetsoil
d)
topsoil
88.
Most animals that live in soil live in the _______ layer.
a)
parent material
b)
bedrock
c)
topsoil
d)
subsoil
89.
The diagram is a soil profile showing distinct layers of soil. The topsoil layer has the greatest concentration of organic matter. The subsoil generally lacks organic matter, but it does receive small clay particles and dissolved ions that wash downward from the topsoil. The C horizon is made of materials weathered directly from the parent material, which lies immediately below. The parent material is either solid bedrock or a layer of sediment. Based on this information:
a)
the topsoil likely has a rockier texture than the subsoil and C Horizon.
b)
the subsoil likely has a rockier texture than the topsoil and C horizon.
c)
all three of these layers should have the same texture.
d)
the C horizon likely has a rockier texture than the topsoil and subsoil.
90.
Which of the following can be used as a fertilizer that alters pH and makes soil nutrients more accessible?
a)
humus
b)
lime
c)
water
d)
organic material
91.
Cheryl recently moved across the state, and began really missing the native trees she had at her old house. So, she bought some of the same type of tree and planted them at her new house.
At her old house, it rained fairly often, but the rocky, grey soil dried out quickly after it rained. At her new house, it rains the same amount as at her old house, but the black, clay-rich soil stays wet for a long time after it rains.
Several weeks after planting the trees, the trees died. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
At her old house, it rained fairly often, but the rocky, grey soil dried out quickly after it rained. At her new house, it rains the same amount as at her old house, but the black, clay-rich soil stays wet for a long time after it rains.
Several weeks after planting the trees, the trees died. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
a)
The soil at the new house does not drain water quickly enough for these trees.
b)
The trees can grow only in soils that are grey in color.
c)
The trees needed to be planted in soil that was different from both locations.
d)
The soil at the old house should have been wetter.
92.
An oak tree in the middle of a meadow loses most of its leaves in Fall. The leaves fall to the ground and eventually become part of the meadow’s soil. What process will turn the leaves into soil?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
decomposition
c)
weathering
d)
transportation
93.
Which of the following types of soil has the greatest permeability?
a)
sandy
b)
loam
c)
silty
d)
clay
94.
When it rains, a soil holds water well and becomes moist and sticky. The soil probably contains a large amount of _______.
a)
clay
b)
silt
c)
sand
d)
pebbles
95.
A complete soil profile includes three layers:
a)
drysoil, wetsoil, and thicksoil.
b)
topsoil, midsoil, and bottomsoil.
c)
richsoil, parent material, and subsoil.
d)
topsoil, subsoil, and parent material.
96.
An indicator is used to measure the _______ of soil.
a)
mass
b)
composition
c)
temperature
d)
pH
97.
Most types of plants grow best in soil with a pH of _______.
a)
between 1 and 3
b)
either 1 or 14
c)
between 5 and 7
d)
between 10 and 12
98.
Which of the following can be a component of soil?
a)
decayed organic material
b)
rock particles
c)
minerals
d)
all of these
99.
Which of the following is an example of a population?
a)
all of the trees in Yellowstone National Park
b)
all plants and animals in Grand Canyon National Park
c)
all of the rocks in a rock collection
d)
all of the western diamondback rattlesnakes in Big Bend National Park
100.
A community includes:
a)
all of the living organisms in a specific place at a specific time.
b)
only the animals in a specific place at a specific time.
c)
only the plants in a specific place at a specific time.
d)
all plants, animals, minerals, and water in a specific place at a specific time.
101.
Which of the following ecological levels of organization includes abiotic factors?
a)
community
b)
population
c)
ecosystem
d)
all of these
102.
The soil of an ecosystem determines the kinds of organisms that are able to live there.
Which of the following soil characteristics can have an effect on the ecosystem of an area?
Which of the following soil characteristics can have an effect on the ecosystem of an area?
a)
the particle size of the soil
b)
the composition of the soil
c)
the texture of the soil
d)
all of the above
103.
Most plants grow best in soil that has a pH of between 5 and 7. Frank's backyard lawn has a pH of 4. Not very many plants grow in Frank's back yard. He adds lime to the soil, and the pH goes up to 6.
What will most likely happen to plant growth in Frank's back yard?
What will most likely happen to plant growth in Frank's back yard?
a)
There will be no change in plant growth.
b)
More plants will be able to grow.
c)
Fewer plants will be able to grow.
d)
All of the above
104.
Consider the energy pyramid pictured. Why are there very few organisms toward the top of the pyramid?
a)
Organisms at the top of the pyramid are preyed upon by many other organisms.
b)
Organisms at the top of the pyramid can only generate energy directly from the sun.
c)
There is too much energy available at the top of the pyramid.
d)
There is much less energy available at the top of the pyramid.
105.
An energy pyramid of an ecosystem is shown. Which of the following is true about this ecosystem?
a)
Energy in this ecosystem flows from snakes to grasshoppers.
b)
Energy in this ecosystem flows from grasshoppers to grass.
c)
Energy in this ecosystem flows from hawks to snakes.
d)
Energy in this ecosystem flows from grass to grasshoppers.
106.
An energy pyramid of an ecosystem is shown below. Which population of organisms shown on the pyramid has the most available energy?
a)
grass
b)
snakes
c)
hawks
d)
grasshoppers
107.
Look at the food web shown. Which organisms get energy directly from producers?
a)
zooplankton
b)
squid
c)
sperm whales
d)
phytoplankton
108.
Look at the food web shown. In this ecosystem, squid are considered to be _______.
a)
producers
b)
decomposers
c)
consumers
d)
all of these
109.
The image shows an aquatic food web. Which of the following describes how energy is transferred between the dolphin and the shark?
a)
The dolphin and the shark both transfer energy to each other.
b)
Energy is transferred from the dolphin to the shark.
c)
Energy is transferred from the shark to the dolphin.
d)
Energy is not transferred between the dolphin and the shark.
110.
Food webs are models that show how energy flows in an ecosystem. What is the ultimate source of energy for all of the organisms in the food web shown?
a)
the Sun
b)
decomposers
c)
consumers
d)
producers
111.
Zebra mussels were introduced into the Great Lakes region in the 1960s. They are not a native species and they spread quickly throughout the area. Zebra mussels attach to other species of mussels and often kill them. They also use up resources that native mussel species depend on for survival. As a result, zebra mussels have almost completely gotten rid of native mussels in the Great Lakes region.
Based on the table below, what type of interaction do the zebra mussels have with the native mussels?
Based on the table below, what type of interaction do the zebra mussels have with the native mussels?
a)
community interaction
b)
ecosystem interaction
c)
organismal function
d)
population interaction
112.
A badger lives in Oak Grove Forest. It is a female and it is four years old.Which of the following animals could be considered a member of this badger's population?
a)
a ten-year-old male badger living in Oak Grove Forest
b)
a ten-year-old female skunk living in Pine Warden Forest
c)
a four-year-old female badger living in a zoo
d)
a two-year old male red fox living in Oak Grove Forest
113.
How does energy flow in the food web shown?
a)
from producers to consumers
b)
from carnivores to herbivores
c)
from insects to plants
d)
from decomposers to the sun
114.
Biomes are large regions characterized by certain conditions, including a range of climate and ecological communities adapted to those conditions. Ecosystems consist of all interactions between biotic and abiotic factors functioning together in an area.
How are ecosystems and biomes related?
How are ecosystems and biomes related?
a)
Biomes and ecosystems are identical in size and composition.
b)
An ecosystem includes many different biomes.
c)
Organisms found in ecosystems cannot be found in biomes.
d)
A biome includes many similar ecosystems.
115.
Hermit crabs use old seashells for shelter and protection. Some species of fish also use abandoned seashells as a place to hide from predators.Which of the following statements is true?
a)
Hermit crabs and fish that hide in shells cooperate with each other for food.
b)
Hermit crabs and fish that hide in shells compete with each other for shelter.
c)
Hermit crabs and fish that hide in shells compete with each other for food.
d)
Hermit crabs and fish that hide in shells cooperate with each other for shelter.
116.
Parasitism is a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits at another organism's expense. Which of the following relationships reflects this principle?
a)
caterpillar-cocoon
b)
ladybug-aphid
c)
termite-fallen log
d)
tapeworm-human
117.
Some types of algae live inside coral. The algae provide the coral with nutrients. The coral provides the algae with shelter. Which of the following relationships exist between the algae and coral?
a)
a symbiotic relationship
b)
a parasite-host relationship
c)
a predator-prey relationship
d)
a competitive relationship
118.
Ants live in the hollow thorns of an acacia tree. The tree provides food and shelter for the ants. The ants protect the tree from herbivores that might otherwise eat the tree.
Which type of relationship does this represent?
Which type of relationship does this represent?
a)
mutualism
b)
predation
c)
parasitism
d)
commensalism
119.
A mite is a tiny organism that may "ride" on top of an insect such as a beetle in order to move quickly from place to place.
This relationship between the mite and the beetle would be an example of mutualism if:
This relationship between the mite and the beetle would be an example of mutualism if:
a)
the beetle is neither harmed nor helped by the mite.
b)
the mite protects the beetle from predators.
c)
the beetle eats the mite.
d)
the beetle is unable to catch prey because it is slowed down by the mite.
120.
Which of the following is an example of a predator/prey relationship?
a)
A tick latches on to a dog's ear and consumes its blood.
b)
A fungus grows on a fallen log and decomposes it.
c)
A wolf hunts, kills, and consumes a deer for nutrition.
d)
Mistletoe attaches to another plant and uses its minerals and nutrients.
121.
The pictures below show a field that is being studied over time. In the field, there are rabbits (red circles) and foxes (blue circles). What conclusion can be drawn from these observations?
a)
The number of rabbits and foxes remains constant over time.
b)
The number of foxes decreases as the number of rabbits increases.
c)
The number of foxes remains constant while the number of rabbits decreases.
d)
The number of foxes increases while the number of rabbits decreases.
122.
Fire ants are a species native to South America. They have been carried to different locations in the southern United States and have continued to spread north. A scientist is interested in designing solutions to minimize the impact of fire ants in a local ecosystem into which the fire ants have been recently introduced.
Which of the following questions would be useful in helping the scientist understand the impact fire ants have on the ecosystem?
Which of the following questions would be useful in helping the scientist understand the impact fire ants have on the ecosystem?
a)
What types of organisms do the fire ants consume in the ecosystem?
b)
Have populations of other ant species decreased since the fire ants have been introduced?
c)
What types of predators consume fire ants in the ecosystem?
d)
all of these
123.
Scientists wanted to study how competition would affect two different deer species living in the same ecosystem. The result of their eight-year study is summarized in the graph below. What can you predict will most likely happen to the white-tailed deer in this ecosystem?
a)
The population of white-tailed deer will equal the population of axis deer.
b)
The population of white-tailed deer will most likely die out over time.
c)
The population of white-tailed deer will continue to stabilize.
d)
The population of white-tailed deer will dramatically increase.
124.
A population of cottontail rabbits gives birth to an average of eight kits (baby rabbits) per litter, and it only has one predator. However, an average of only two kits per litter actually lives to maturity. Which of these might explain this low survival rate?
a)
A population of bobcats depends on these rabbits for food.
b)
There is enough water in the region to support six kits per litter.
c)
There is enough grass to feed up to nine kits per litter.
d)
A population of birds lives nearby that does not prey on rabbits or eat their food.
125.
A population of sagebrush lives in a grassland ecosystem. Over several years, erosion causes the soil of the grassland to have an increasing amount of sand in it. The data below was collected by scientists studying the ecosystem. If the soil is 53% sand next year, which of the following statements is the most likely prediction?
a)
The size of the sagebrush population will decline.
b)
The average height of the sagebrush will increase.
c)
The average height of the sagebrush will decrease.
d)
The size of the sagebrush population will increase.
126.
A population of black bears depends on salmon from a stream for food. If a drought causes the stream to run dry one year, how will this likely impact the black bear population?
a)
The population will be unaffected.
b)
The population's size will decrease.
c)
The population's size will increase.
d)
The population will thrive on new species of fish.
127.
The graph shows the predator-prey relationship between red foxes and chipmunks in a habitat. What happens to the populations of red foxes and chipmunks over time?
a)
The numbers of red foxes and chipmunks do not change very much over time.
b)
The number of red foxes always decreases, and the number of chipmunks always increases.
c)
The number of red foxes always increases, and the number of chipmunks always decreases.
d)
The numbers of red foxes and chipmunks seem to increase and decrease at the same intervals.
128.
Zebra mussels, shown below, have recently been found in Colorado lakes. The mussels are not native to the lakes, and they have begun to kill native mussels by attaching to them and covering them up. The zebra mussels are:
a)
a hybrid species.
b)
a pioneer species.
c)
a cooperative species.
d)
an invasive species.
129.
In an ecosystem, there are many factors that affect how many organisms can survive there. Which of the following is one of those factors?
a)
number of times humans have seen the area
b)
color of flowering plants
c)
availability of water
d)
age of mammal species
130.
A population of gray foxes lives in a forest ecosystem. These foxes prey mostly on a large population of mice. If a fatal disease infects the mouse population, which of these is most likely to happen to the fox population through time?
a)
It will increase in size.
b)
It will develop resistance to the disease.
c)
It will suffer from a similar disease.
d)
It will decrease in size.
131.
Mosquitoes must lay their eggs in standing water. What would most likely happen to the mosquito population in an ecosystem that experienced less rainfall than usual?
a)
The mosquito population would decrease in size.
b)
The mosquito population would not experience any changes.
c)
The mosquito population would disappear altogether.
d)
The mosquito population would increase in size.
132.
A plant growing near the edge of a forest grows best when it gets a large amount of sunlight. If a forest fire occurs and burns down many trees in the forest, how will this most likely affect the plant's population?
a)
The plant's population will become extinct.
b)
The plant's population will increase in size.
c)
The plant's population will not be affected.
d)
The plant's population will decrease in size.
133.
The food web for a particular ecosystem is shown below. What would most likely happen if the algae were removed from this ecosystem?
a)
The amount of sunlight would decrease.
b)
The ant population would increase.
c)
The tadpole population would decrease.
d)
The snake population would increase.
134.
The food web pictured involves both land and marine organisms. What would likely happen if all of the phytoplankton in the ocean suddenly disappeared?
a)
There would be less water.
b)
Gulls would have more food to eat.
c)
Gulls would have more food to eat.
d)
There would be more zooplankton.
135.
Look at the diagram of a food web. What would happen to the food chain if a drought occurred, and the vegetation did not grow?
a)
The fox would only be able to live off of energy from the sun.
b)
All of the animals in this web would starve.
c)
The caterpillar, partridge, and rabbit would not survive.
d)
The fox would not survive.
136.
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals an environment can support for a long period of time. What might happen when a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the land?
a)
Nothing should happen to the population or the ecosystem it lives in.
b)
The population will eventually learn to use other resources.
c)
The population improves the dynamics of the local ecosystem.
d)
The population uses up its resources faster than they are replenished.
137.
A food web is shown above. What would most likely happen in this ecosystem if the shark population significantly increased?
a)
The population of dolphins would increase.
b)
The population of crustaceans would decrease.
c)
The population of fish would decrease.
d)
The population of algae would increase.
138.
A new predator is introduced into the ecosystem shown in the food web below. This predator feeds on bees and mice. How will this most likely affect the species in this ecosystem?
a)
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
b)
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause an increase in the populations of both black bears and foxes.
c)
There will be a decrease in bees and mice which will cause an increase the black bear population and a decrease in the fox population.
d)
There will be an increase in bees and mice which will cause a decrease in the black bear population and an increase in the fox population.
100 %
