Sailors have always needed lighthouses to warn them of dangerous conditions. The first tower that was built for such a purpose was at the entrance to Port Alexandria, a long-ago capital of ancient Egypt. The tower, called Pharos, was very large. It was such an impressive structure that it was known as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Fire beacons burning on the tower helped ships navigate through the treacherous waters approaching the city. Which title best summarizes this paragraph?

What does it take to be a survivor? Gary Paulsen knows. This well-known writer had a difficult childhood and left home at age fourteen. He worked with a carnival, on a farm, on a ranch and as a truck driver. He's also been a teacher, editor and singer. Today, Paulsen receives more than 400 letters a day from readers who identify with the struggles of the main character in his award-winning books, Hatchet, Brian's Winter and The River. When he's not writing, Paulsen enjoys sailing and adventure. Which title best summarizes this paragraph?

The little girl got to pick out new furniture and decorate her room. She really liked the white bed and dresser. She decided to paint her walls pink and get a pink carpet. She was so excited to be getting a new room!

What can you summarize about this little girl?

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Damon was moving to another state on the other side of the country. Along the way as his family drove, they stopped in Illinois, Idaho, and South Dakota; none of the towns they stopped in were like his hometown. When he arrived in his new hometown, he was excited to be living in a different state.

What can you summarize about this passage?

Students at an elementary school in Chicago studied ecology. They learned that there was so much trash that it was a world-wide problem. They asked their teacher if they could do something to help solve the problem. “It is a very big problem,” she said, “but if every community helps, that would really make a difference.”

The students decided to set up a Saturday Recycling Center. They would collect trash. Then they would get it to a place. The students used the Internet to find out more about recycling in Chicago. They found that there are 15 “drop off” sites, places where people can bring trash to get it recycled.

The students had to figure out how to get the trash to the site. They went to talk with the minister of the church near their school. They knew that he drove a van and helped people. They went to ask him to help with their plan.

The minister agreed to help. He said he would pick up the recycling one Saturday each month after the students pack it. He said it was such a good plan they could use the churchyard for the Recycling Center. They decided it would be once a month, on Saturday afternoon. They chose the first Saturday of the month.

So everything was organized. All they needed was trash to recycle.

The students made posters to put in stores in the neighborhood. The minister announced the new recycling program at the church service and put up a poster, too. The community center put a note about the recycling center in their monthly newsletter. The students went into the other classrooms at their school and asked children to tell their families about the Saturday recycling.

The first Saturday was a great success. In fact, they got so much trash that the minister had to make two trips to take it all to the drop off site. The students still send reminders home, but now most people in the community know that if it’s the first Saturday it’s time to recycle.

Which statement below is NOT essential for the summary, or key points of this selection?