WorksheetsFinal Exam Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 33mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
How did salons in France help shape the Enlightenment?
a)
Rebels plotted to overthrow the king.
b)
Scientists presented their experiments.
c)
Thinkers debated new ideas.
d)
Women achieved equal political rights.
2.
How was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
Both won the support of the churches.
b)
Both highly valued reason and observation.
c)
Both focused on government and society.
d)
Both emphasized the rights of the individual.
3.
Which Enlightenment idea went back to the Renaissance and the Reformation?
a)
worth of the individual
b)
separation of powers
c)
equal rights for women
d)
absolute power of kings
4.
Which image of God did many Enlightenment thinkers emphasize?
a)
protector against foreign powers
b)
author of the words in the Bible
c)
creator of the laws of nature
d)
giver of rewards and punishments
5.
Why did Thomas Hobbes believe that a country should be ruled by a king with absolute power?
a)
so laws would be made wisely
b)
so the church would not have too much control
c)
so people would not fight all the time
d)
so the same person would make and enforce the laws
6.
John Locke favored a constitutional monarchy. In that form of government, the monarch
a)
was limited by basic laws.
b)
put all the laws in writing.
c)
was elected by the people.
d)
served only a few years.
7.
According to Locke’s social contract, what gives government its authority?
a)
spending for the public good
b)
agreement among free people
c)
appointment of kings by God
d)
election by a group of nobles
8.
According to Locke, how does a person get a natural right?
a)
by signing a social contract
b)
by reading and conversation
c)
by existing as a human being
d)
by belonging to a democracy
9.
If Montesquieu were to visit the United States today, he would be pleased to see his ideas put into action in the
a)
Bill of Rights.
b)
three branches of government.
c)
Declaration of Independence.
d)
system of fifty states.
10.
Which of these statements would most likely have been made by Voltaire?
a)
"All religions have a core of truth."
b)
"The king needs absolute power."
c)
"We should do away with the death penalty."
d)
"The government protects people's natural rights."
11.
One feature of the criminal justice system that Cesare Beccaria was particularly against was the
a)
shortage of trained lawyers
b)
escape of prisoners.
c)
use of torture.
d)
lack of power given to judges.
12.
Why were Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria called “enlightened despots”?
a)
They governed much of Europe.
b)
They claimed divine right to rule.
c)
They took power from the nobles.
d)
They tried to benefit their people.
13.
Which event in the American Revolution drew most directly on Locke’s ideas?
a)
creating an army of volunteers
b)
signing a peace treaty with Great Britain
c)
writing the Declaration of Independence
d)
representing several colonies in one Congress
14.
How did the French Revolution build on Enlightenment ideas?
a)
It removed rights to own property.
b)
It killed large numbers of nobles.
c)
It promised liberty and equality.
d)
It set up a new absolute monarchy.
15.
During the American Revolution, Abigail Adams told her husband that women might start a revolution unless
a)
the men planning the new country included rights for women.
b)
queens received equal rights with kings in ruling England.
c)
the British leaders gave the colonists a voice in Parliament.
d)
landowners in the South agreed to end the slave trade.
16.
Which art had the greatest influence on Renaissance artists?
a)
early medieval art
b)
ancient Chinese art
c)
medieval Islamic art
d)
ancient Greek and Roman art
17.
Based on the meaning of the French word renaissance, the period called the Renaissance refers to the
a)
restoration of basic human values
b)
rebirth of classical culture
c)
remainder of learning not yet lost
d)
remembrance of better times
18.
How did trade on the Silk Road help to cause the Renaissance?
a)
Armies from Europe were able to defeat the Mongols.
b)
Ideas of Chinese philosophers became popular in the West.
c)
Italian cities on the trade routes to the East became wealthy.
d)
Merchants paid painters to paint them in fine new silk clothes.
19.
What economic change during the Renaissance made bankers more important?
a)
People began to buy goods with money instead of bartering
b)
Craftspeople set out signs to advertise their wares.
c)
Jobs became more specialized.
d)
Food for people in the cities began to be grown in the countryside
20.
Why did craftspeople become more important during the Renaissance?
a)
Universities hired them.
b)
They worked for feudal lords.
c)
Merchants traded their goods all over Europe
d)
They made stained glass for churches.
21.
What is a major reason why the Renaissance began in northern and central Italy?
a)
Nobles there led the Crusades.
b)
City-states there became wealthy.
c)
Peasants there learned to read.
d)
Kings there fought one another.
22.
Independent republics in Italy were governed by elected councils. Who often held the most power in those republics?
a)
guilds of painters
b)
factory workers
c)
groups of priests
d)
rich merchants
23.
Which geographic factor contributed most to Italy’s economic success?
a)
its forests
b)
its climate
c)
its mountains
d)
its location
24.
How did wealthy Italian families encourage learning?
a)
They trained girls to teach school.
b)
They established universities.
c)
They rejected ideas that weren't new.
d)
They donated books to poor families.
25.
The Renaissance philosophy of humanism included a belief in the
a)
need for foreign trade.
b)
importance of tradition.
c)
worth of the individual.
d)
authority of government.
26.
During the Renaissance, Florence was the European center for
a)
sword making
b)
farming
c)
shipping
d)
banking
27.
What geographical feature helped Florence become a trade center?
a)
the Black Sea
b)
the Danube River
c)
the Arno River
d)
the Apennine Mountains
28.
What was the relation between the industries of Florence and its culture?
a)
Wealthy patrons sponsored many artists.
b)
Business owners studied art and music.
c)
Great artists often became merchants.
d)
Brilliant scholars became rich by writing books.
29.
The architect Brunelleschi studied mathematics and ancient ruins. Then he designed a remarkable
a)
arched gate in the city wall.
b)
dome with no internal supports
c)
tower with a view of the city.
d)
bridge lined with busy shops.
30.
What was an important advance by Renaissance painters such as Botticelli?
a)
showing calm and peaceful faces
b)
contrasting light and dark colors
c)
creating an appearance of depth
d)
telling religious stories in pictures
31.
What important change made literature more popular during the Renaissance than it had been before?
a)
People believed that reading led to salvation.
b)
Writers wrote about religious topics.
c)
Writers wrote in their own languages.
d)
People believed that reading led to financial success.
32.
In addition to his painting, Leonardo da Vinci made advances in science, mathematics, and engineering. Which of these did he do before anyone else?
a)
flew an airplane across the river
b)
translated ancient Greek texts
c)
watched the planets move
d)
drew maps as if seen from above
33.
Galileo’s scientific work on gravity and astronomy showed the value of
a)
observation and experiment.
b)
the study of ancient texts.
c)
new forms of mathematics.
d)
intuition and emotion.
34.
What powerful family controlled Florence for almost 300 years?
a)
the Medici family
b)
the da Vinci family
c)
the Cardano family
d)
the Alighieri family
35.
People came from all over Europe to the Mercato Nuovo, or New Market, in Florence to
a)
sell cheap goods to the local families.
b)
get loans or convert their money into florins.
c)
get shoes and clothing in the latest styles.
d)
buy silks or spices brought by ship from Asia.
36.
How did Renaissance humanists contribute to the weakening of the Roman Catholic Church?
a)
They questioned accepted beliefs.
b)
They wrote poetry and plays.
c)
They tried to elect a new pope.
d)
They studied ancient texts.
37.
The practice of selling indulgences troubled many Catholics because the practice made it seem that
a)
the Church was in economic trouble.
b)
the government had lost its authority.
c)
people could buy forgiveness for sins.
d)
anyone could buy a leadership position
38.
Simony upset many people. How might someone commit simony?
a)
by paying money to be the priest of a large parish
b)
by breaking vows as a monk by getting married
c)
by telling people that an ordinary object is a holy relic
d)
by collecting taxes from poor people to give to the pope
39.
For several years there were two popes—
a)
one honest and one corrupt.
b)
one in France and one in Rome.
c)
one elected and one appointed.
d)
one Catholic and one Protestant.
40.
How did the Great Schism weaken the Catholic Church?
a)
It cost parishes much of their wealth
b)
It led to warfare between the sides.
c)
It reduced respect for the papacy
d)
It caused people to learn how to read.
41.
Jan Hus wanted worship to be in the language of the people. What teaching of the Catholic Church did this oppose?
a)
The monarch can choose the language
b)
All languages are equally good.
c)
Silent worship is more respectful.
d)
The mass should be in Latin.
42.
What did John Wycliffe and several other reformers believe was the source of religious authority?
a)
the Bible
b)
the Church
c)
the individual
d)
Nature
43.
What did the first Protestants protest against?
a)
the humanist philosophy
b)
corruption in the Catholic Church
c)
the reformation of government
d)
decrees by King Henry VIII
44.
How did Martin Luther believe that people could gain salvation?
a)
by keeping the sacraments
b)
by living a good life
c)
by having faith
d)
by giving money to the Church
45.
What famous document did Martin Luther nail to a church door?
a)
a challenge for a Church official to debate him
b)
a list of arguments against abuses by the Church
c)
an order for the peasants to go back to their fields
d)
a statement that he was going to start his own church
46.
What was the main reason why Europeans wanted to travel to Asia?
a)
to acquire spices for cooking
b)
to buy cotton for clothing
c)
to learn about other cultures
d)
to spread their religion
47.
Why did European monarchs want a sea route to Asia?
a)
Harsh weather made the land routes too dangerous
b)
Muslims and Italians controlled the land routes.
c)
Rulers of China refused to allow use of the land routes.
d)
Horses and camels were required on the land routes.
48.
For what field of activity were lines of latitude and longitude especially useful?
a)
astronomy
b)
engineering
c)
bookbinding
d)
cartography
49.
What is one-way Henry the Navigator changed Europeans’ view of the world?
a)
He sailed to the Spice Islands.
b)
He explored the coast of Brazil.
c)
He started a school for sailors.
d)
He sent settlers to set up colonies.
50.
How did Vasco da Gama change the way Europeans viewed the world?
a)
He demonstrated that the world is round.
b)
He claimed land in South America for Portugal.
c)
He showed that goods could be brought from India by ship.
d)
He proved that it was possible to sail around the tip of South America.
51.
Which product did Portuguese explorers bring back from Africa to Europe?
a)
horses
b)
sugar
c)
gold
d)
bananas
52.
Ferdinand Magellan and his crew were the first Europeans to
a)
sail around the tip of South America.
b)
explore the eastern coast of Brazil.
c)
bring back goods from China by sea.
d)
walk across Central America.
53.
Which food did Spanish explorers introduce to Europe from South America?
a)
olives
b)
wheat
c)
sweet potatoes
d)
cinnamon
54.
What were the main goals of Spanish conquistadors?
a)
riches and adventure
b)
liberty and jobs
c)
new believers in their religion
d)
waterways across the continent
55.
Which fact helps explain why the conflict between Hernán Cortés and the Aztecs ended as it did?
a)
The Aztecs had united their subjects.
b)
The Spanish lacked a source of food.
c)
The Spanish had the use of gunpowder.
d)
The Spanish lacked a source of food.
56.
The Scientific Revolution changed the way people
a)
printed books.
b)
thought about nature
c)
produced goods.
d)
organized governments.
57.
From what sources, besides the Bible, did scholars in the Middle Ages get their ideas about the world?
a)
personal observation
b)
carefully designed experiments
c)
questioning traditional ideas
d)
the teachings of Aristotle
58.
Greek rationalism, rediscovered by Renaissance scholars, argued that
a)
personal observation was the only truth.
b)
the word of the Bible was final.
c)
logic could reveal basic truths.
d)
clever debaters could argue any point.
59.
How did explorers encourage the growth of science?
a)
They showed that accepted beliefs could be wrong.
b)
They argued against the power of the Catholic Church.
c)
They wrote exaggerated accounts of their travels.
d)
They created a need to study the stars
60.
According to Ptolemy’s geocentric theory, Earth
a)
rotated on its axis every day
b)
traveled around the moon.
c)
stayed in one fixed place.
d)
moved together with the planets.
61.
How did Kepler add support for Copernicus’s theory?
a)
He wrote mathematical laws that described how planets move.
b)
He invented a device for seeing the night sky more accurately.
c)
He published the theory in a book that many people read
d)
He showed that applying the theory would improve safety at sea.
62.
Which form of technology allowed Galileo to make new discoveries?
a)
the compass
b)
the telescope
c)
the astrolabe
d)
the windmill
63.
The Catholic Church objected to Galileo’s work because the Church taught that
a)
Earth was at the center of the universe.
b)
nobody except priests should study the heavens.
c)
non-religious teachings must be rejected without discussion.
d)
moons had been created for other planets as well as Earth.
64.
In Newton’s formula, mass is a measure of the
a)
food a plant or animal must take in
b)
speed at which an object travels.
c)
amount of matter in an object.
d)
shape of a planet's path around the sun.
65.
Newton’s book Principia described three laws of
a)
logic
b)
mapmaking
c)
motion
d)
arithmetic
100 %
