Women of this tribe elected men to a Grand Council,these women were called clan mothers.

Archaeologists, experts in archaeology, believe that many early peoples reached the Americas by crossing a strip of land known as_______ which was exposed during the last Ice Age.

Beringia connected _____ to ______.

As the centuries passed, many people migrated across _____ and spread out across _____. 

The earliest Americas were ____ who were skilled at hunting large animals such as the ____. 

Eventually these _____ began to die out, and these early ____ had to find other sources of food.

Agriculture began in the Americas about______ Years ago as people living in what is now ______ learned to plant and raise maize. This allowed the nomads tribes to become settled, and turn into farmers.

Using a method called ____to study artifacts, scientist know that permanent settlements and communities arose about 5,000 years ago 

Over time the groups of people living in settlements developed their own ________

Long before the Europeans arrive in the early 1500s, several civilizations arose in what is now _______ and ________. 

These civilizations developed complex systems for the following :
* 
*
*

The three largest and most advanced of the early civilizations were the: 
*
*
* 

_______ produced enough food to sustain cities containing thousands of people 

Sculpted large stone monuments and built pavements and drainage systems. 

Each city has at least ______stone pyramid 

Their Civilization was a theocracy, meaning their society was centered around religion 

They developed Hieroglyphs 

Traders traveled on a network of roads carved out of the jungle 

___________Interest in astrology helped to develop a 365 calendar 

They built tenochtitlan, one of the greatest cities in the Americas and the capital of the Aztec empire 

*They were a military empire 
*They organized their society around religion
*Often believed their gods required gold for appeasement  

Their state was built on the war and their army was powerful
Their Empire, the largest of the early American civilizations, had a population of more than 9 million, and built at least 10,000 miles of roads, over mountains, in order to keep the empire liked.
* Centered around Machu Pichu 
*Quechua was the official languages 

They cut terraces into steep slopes in order to farm mountainous lands
Believed their emperor was a descendent of their sun go 

*Their way of life depended on irrigation channels they dug to carry river water into their fields 
*They left behind pottery, carved stone, and shells etched with acid. 
* They often wore shells around their neck, which they acquired from trades with other tribes 

*They built pueblos- huge structures made of stone and earth,
*They also built dwellings in the walls of steep cliffs 

*Some of the mounds contained burial chambers, while some were topped with temples.
*The Largest settlement of the Mound Builders was Cahokia 
*The people who settled in the northernmost part of North America built igloos in the winter, and were hunters and fishers. Some, like the invit, used sealskin to keep warm.

*Peoples of the west depended on the forest and the sea. Northwest tribes relied on salmon as a primary source of food. 
* Most of the peoples of the southeast and southwest farmed, but the Apache and Navajo were hunters and gatherers 
*Peoples of the Plains were nomadic, following herds of Buffalo and living in tepees for shelter 
*Peoples of the East formed complex societies.

*The Iroquois and Cherokee had formal law codes and formed federations to keep peace between tribes 
*The different members of the Iroquois league were organized according to clans