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Logical Fallacies

Total questions: 15

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is an example of "ad hominem?"
a)
Mary Warren is not believed when she says that the girls were faking everything because Abby accuses her of sending out her spirit.
b)
Cheever casts doubt on John because he does not go to church on Sundays.
c)
Mary Warren reminds the Proctors that she is an official of the court and can accuse anyone of witchcraft.
d)
Elizabeth had a doll, so the needle must be from her.
2.
What is the definition of "tu quoque?"
a)
When a claim is regected on the basis of an irrelevant fact about the person.
b)
When a claim is presented in order to produce fear.
c)
When a person's claim is considered false because it is inconsistent with that person's words or actions.
d)
If A occurs before B, then A is the cause of B.
3.
Which of the following is an example of "ad baculum" or appeal to fear?
a)
When Abby accuses Elizabeth of putting the needle in her stomach.
b)
When Mary reminds the Proctor's that she can accuse them at any time.
c)
When everyone claims everyone else of witchcraft.
d)
When everyone believes Hale because of his past jobs.
4.
What is the definition of "post hoc?"
a)
Person A makes claim X. Person B makes an attack on person A. Therefore, A's claim is false.
b)
Person A claims to be an expert on a subject, so everyone believes them.
c)
Event X has happened, so everyone believes event Y will happen.
d)
A occurs before B, so A must be the cause of B.
5.
Which of the following is an example of "slippery slope?"
a)
One person has been accused of witchcraft, therefore all of his/her acquaintances are also witches.
b)
Hale is an expert on demonic arts, so everyone believes everything he says.
c)
Mary knows she has authority over the Proctor's, so she uses it against them.
d)
Danforth leads Mary to answer questions in ways that benefit him.
6.
What is the definition of "false dilemma?"
a)
Either claim X is true, or claim Y is true (when X and Y could both be false), but people believe claim Y is false, so claim X must be true.
b)
Person A is an authority on subject S. Person A makes a claim C about subject S. Therefore, C is true.
c)
Person A makes claim X. Person B makes an attack on person A. Therefore, A's claim is false.
d)
When a claim is considered false because it is inconsistent with that person's words or actions.
7.
Which of the following is an example of "false authority?"
a)
Mary Warren accuses Goody Good of being a witch because she doesn't like her.
b)
Putnam accuses his neighbors of witchcraft because he wants their land.
c)
Hale is supposed to be an authority of witches and witchcraft. Hales signs papers that women are witches. Therefore, all those women are witches.
d)
Danforth leads Mary to answer questions in a way that makes him look good.
8.

Which of the following is the definition for deductive reasoning?

a)

Reasoning that is air tight.

b)

Reasoning where all premises are true.

c)

Reasoning where there is no doubt.

d)

All statements are true.

9.

What is a fallacy?

a)

When someone cheats on someone else.

b)

When someone bases an argument off of faulty reasoning.

c)

When someone wins an argument because they had good reasons.

d)

When someone loses an argument because they had bad reasons.

10.

Which of the following is the best definition for ad hominem?

a)

Person A makes claim X, Person B makes an attack on Person A, Therefore A's claim is false.

b)

When someone's claim is considered false because their words are inconsistent with their actions.

c)

When Y is presented to produce fear, so claim X is true.

d)

A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B.

e)

Event A has occurred, so event Z will inevitably happen.

11.

Which of the following is the best definition for tu quoque?

a)

Person A makes claim X, Person B makes an attack on Person A, Therefore A's claim is false.

b)

When someone's claim is considered false because their words are inconsistent with their actions.

c)

When Y is presented to produce fear, so claim X is true.

d)

A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B.

e)

Event A has occurred, so event Z will inevitably happen.

12.

Which of the following is the best definition for ad baculum?

a)

Person A makes claim X, Person B makes an attack on Person A, Therefore A's claim is false.

b)

When someone's claim is considered false because their words are inconsistent with their actions.

c)

When Y is presented to produce fear, so claim X is true.

d)

A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B.

e)

Event A has occurred, so event Z will inevitably happen.

13.

Which of the following is the best definition for post hoc?

a)

Person A makes claim X, Person B makes an attack on Person A, Therefore A's claim is false.

b)

When someone's claim is considered false because their words are inconsistent with their actions.

c)

When Y is presented to produce fear, so claim X is true.

d)

A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B.

e)

Event A has occurred, so event Z will inevitably happen.

14.

Which of the following is the best definition for slippery slope?

a)

Person A makes claim X, Person B makes an attack on Person A, Therefore A's claim is false.

b)

When someone's claim is considered false because their words are inconsistent with their actions.

c)

When Y is presented to produce fear, so claim X is true.

d)

A occurs before B, therefore A is the cause of B.

e)

Event A has occurred, so event Z will inevitably happen.

15.

Who was Aristotle?

a)

The father of modern rhetoric.

b)

A famous painter.

c)

The author of _The Crucible_.

d)

The minister in _The Crucible_.